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2.3: The Cell Cycle

2.3: The Cell Cycle. 200 trillion cells in your body Millions dividing Others doing designated jobs Genetic material (DNA) stored in nucleus When cell divides DNA condenses  Chromosomes Contain hundreds of genes Humans - 46 chromosomes. 2.3: The Cell Cycle. DNA Replication

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2.3: The Cell Cycle

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  1. 2.3: The Cell Cycle • 200 trillion cells in your body • Millions dividing • Others doing designated jobs • Genetic material (DNA) stored in nucleus • When cell divides DNA condenses Chromosomes • Contain hundreds of genes • Humans - 46 chromosomes

  2. 2.3: The Cell Cycle • DNA Replication • Cell makes copy of DNA before dividing • produces 2 identical DNA strands • Called chromatids • Held together by centromere • Interphase – most common cell phase • 90% of time • When cell does its job (not dividing)

  3. 2.2: The Cell Cycle • Cell cycle • Consists of several phases • Birth of a cell  reproduction of new cell • Cells divide at different rates

  4. 2.3: Mitosis – Cell Division • DNA duplicated (interphase)  must be divided between 2 daughter cells • Movement of chromosomes during Mitosis involves: • Centrioles • act like poles guiding cell division • Spindle fibers • help move chromosomes

  5. 2.3: Mitosis = 4 Steps (PMAT) • Prophase • DNA condenses into chromosomes • Nuclear envelope disappears • Chromosomes connect to spindle fibers

  6. 2.3: Mitosis = 4 Steps (PMAT) • Metaphase • Chromosomes line up in center of cell • Attached to spindle fibers

  7. 2.3: Mitosis = 4 Steps (PMAT) • Anaphase • Sister chromatids separate from their partners to opposite sides of cell • Spindle fibers shorten

  8. 2.3: Mitosis = 4 Steps (PMAT) • Telophase • 2 new Nuclei form (cells divide into 2) • Chromosomes uncoil • Mitosis ends

  9. 2.3: Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis • Splitting of the cytoplasm • Animal cells – pinches in to form 2 daughter cells • Plant cells – cell plate forms in middle

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