Chapter 7 Bones of the Cranium

1. Chapter 7Bones of the Cranium

2. Process raised area / projection of bone Fossa low area / depressed area of bone Suture aka Fibrous joint Immovable joints of the skull Sinus aka (paranasal sinuses) (4 pair) hollow space in bone Makes mucus Contributes to the sound of your voice Makes bones lighter Foramen hole through bone Blood vessels and nerves pass through Anatomical references

3. Skull Bones • 22 total Cranial bones. • 8 of the ‘skull’ • 14 of the ‘face’

4. Frontal bone 1 bone Forms forehead Frontal sinus Skull bones

5. Parietal 2 bones Form the top sides of the skull fontanel Aka ‘soft spot’ Where frontal bone and parietal join Skull bones

6. Occipital bone 1 bone Forms the back and posterior base of the skull. Foramen magnum Largest foramen of the body Spinal cord passes through Skull bones

7. Sphenoid bone 1 bone Forms the anterior base of the skull Lower anterior of the side of the skull Sphenoid sinus ‘bat wing’ shaped Skull bones Sphenoid → (inferior)

8. Ethmoid bone 1 bone Forms inner eye socket Separates nasal cavity from brain Ethmoid sinus Many small sinuses Honeycomb Swiss cheese Skull bones

9. Temporal bone 2 bones Forms the lower sides of the head. TMJ Temporomandibular joint Temporal bone articulates w/ the mandible Ears are attached Skull bones

10. Landmarks Mastoid process Styloid process External auditory meatus Temporal fossa Glenoid fossa Articular eminence Temporal bone

11. Nasal bone 2 bones Forms the bridge of the nose Vomer bone 1 bone Forms part of floor of nasal cavity Nasal septum attaches Inferior nasal conchae 2 bones Divided into superior, middle and inferior Facial bones

12. Lacrimal bone 2 bones Forms outer part of the eye socket Ethmoid bone forms the inner part of the eye socket. Tear ducts pass through Facial bones

13. Zygomatic bone Aka zygoma 2 bones Forms the cheek Sides of the eye socket ‘cheek’ bones Facial bones

14. Maxilla 2 bones Forms the upper jaw face anterior of hard palate Largest of the facial bones Facial bones

15. Landmarks of the Maxilla Median palatine suture Infraorbital foramen Incisive foramen Alveolar process Bone that supports the teeth Maxillary sinus Facial bones

16. Palatine bone 2 bones Forms the posterior of the hard palate. Floor of the nasal cavity Transverse palatine suture Greater palatine foramen Lesser palatine foramina (plural) Facial bones

17. Mandible Only moveable bone of the face. Strongest bone 1 bone (starts as 2) ½’s join at the mandibular symphysis NO suture Landmarks Mental foramen Mandibular foramen Lingual foramen Ramus (rami) Condyloid process TMJ Alveolar process Retromolar area Facial bones

18. Facial bones

19. Temporomandibular joint Temporal bone articulates with the mandible. Synovial joint Hinge/glide action TMD Disorder / dysfunction Landmarks Bony Condyloid process Articular eminence Glenoid fossa Soft tissue Meniscus Articular disc Capsular ligament TMJ

20. TMJ

21. Conclusion • Knowing the bones of the head, face, and skull is an important part of your job. • Understanding the facial bones, their landmarks and how they relate to dentistry will make you more valuable to your dentist. • Any questions???????