Royal Canadian Mounted Police Drugs & Organized Crime Awareness Service

1. Royal Canadian Mounted PoliceDrugs & Organized Crime Awareness Service Sgt. Scott Rintoul June 4, 2007

2. Question? • 1) What impact does drugs or drug use have with yourCommunity? • 2) What impact does drugs or drug use have withPolicing / Justice System in your Community?

3. Impact in a Community • Increase in petty crime, violent crime • Housing $ decrease, business $ decrease, • Health Care, resources, wait times • Coroner/Social Services, 1st Response Agencies • Youth, school, addiction, OD, DEC • Frustration, Burn out, Safety, Injury • Organized Crime - $ laundering, corruption • Impaired Driving, MVA’s, Police Resources

4. Impact in a Community • Increase in public fear, paranoia, frustration • Tourism - affected/targeted • Family – relationships, disfunctional • Increase in taxes, insurance, hydro • Homelessness, Mentally Ill & Addiction • Justice System • Strain on community services/NGO agencies • 100% of the community impacted

5. Question? • WHY DO PEOPLE USE DRUGS? • Social, recreational, to party, their right! • Increase mood, dance longer • Reduce day to day stress • Peer pressure (friends, family, spouse) • Addiction – must use!

6. Consequences of Use?Trends for 2007 • Alcohol – binge drinking, pass out, DUI, fights, sickness, miss work, miss school • Marihuana – use at all time high in BC (tobacco use at all time low in Canada) • Violence – fights, abuse in relationships • Sex – Assaults, DFSA, Exploitation, Unwanted Pregnancy, STD, HIV

7. Consequences of Use?Trends for 2007 • Family, Friends, Relationships • Change in goals, dreams, aspirations • Low risk use to high risk/poly drug use • Mental illness – depression, psychosis • Break the law, rules, regulations • Behaviour – skip, miss, late, fail class, fail year, fired, kicked off, quit, crime

8. New Trends in Canada • Increase in Methamphetamine use (1994/2007) • Increase in Ecstasy use (1995 - 2007) • Increase in GHB and Ketamine use (1998/2007) • Increase in Methamphetaminelabs (Economic) • Increase in Ecstasy labs (Economic) • Increase in Chemical Drug use/seizures • Increase in Chemical Drug associated crime • i.e. Methamphetamine – Vehicle/Identity theft

9. Current Drug Use Trends, 2007 • Younger first time users • Increase in morbidity in youth • Increase in mortality (youth / adults) • More drugs than ever before • Drugs are easier to obtain / more potent • Increase in the smoking of drugs • HIV, HEP, STD (I.V. drug use/Unsafe Sex)

10. Obstacles for Youth • Adolescent Period is a very difficult time in ones life • #1 reason for cause of death / morbidity > 1 year old – 20 year old age group “ alcohol and drug related accidents, incidents and suicide” 100% preventable? • Mental Health & Treatment (average age) Male 18 – 25 yrs., Female 25 –35 yrs.

11. When do they start? • 11 – 12 year olds - Tobacco • 12 – 13 year olds - Alcohol • 13 – 14 year olds – (20 - 26%) > Marihuana • 14 – 15 year olds - Cocaine • 15 - 16 olds - Heroin, Crystal Meth & Ecstasy • National School Surveys

12. MDMA / MDA MDE / 2C-B MMDA / FOXY GHB CRYSTAL METH PCP / KETAMINE LSD / PSYLOCYBIN CANNABIS COCAINE HEROIN Alcohol Tobacco Opiates DXM Legal Psychoactives Nitrous Oxide Amyl Nitrate STREET & PARTY DRUGS

13. Chemical Drug Trends • 1990’s importation of MDMA (tablets), Meth (powder), Ketamine, GHB • Early 2000’s importation of MDMA (powder), Ketamine, production of Meth, GHB & / or analogs, MDMA cocktails • Today – importation of MDMA precursor, Ketamine, production of MDMA cocktails, Meth and GHB & / or analogs

14. Crystal MA &Ecstasy in Tablets

15. ECSTASY-------------------------------- Stimulant (like Methamphetamine) with hallucinogenic properties ( 60% / 40%) Taken orally, snorted Description: Powder usually in capsule or press tab form Effects > 3 – 5 hours

16. Ecstasy Effects on Body • Physical Effects • Stimulated Activity • Stimulated Vital Signs • Dilated Pupils • Psychological Effects • Feelings of Empathy & Love • Subjective Heightening of All of the Senses

17. Physiological Effects • Stimulant Properties - like adrenaline & amphetamines ­ Heart Rate (tachycardia) ­ Blood Pressure Dilates Pupils and Bronchi Stimulates the Brain -  motor activity, more alert • Tight jaw muscles (trismus; V cranial nerve) • Grinding of the teeth (bruxism; V cranial nerve) • Overheating/sweating/dehydration • • Mild Hallucinogenic Properties - like mescaline • Enhances the senses with some perceptual changes, • no major hallucinations; enhances tactile sensations

18. Common Drug Combos • Ecstasy and LSD(candy flipping) • Ecstasy and Mushrooms(hippy flipping) • Ecstasy and Ketamine (kitty flipping) • Ecstasy and PCP(elephant flipping) • Ecstasy and DXM (robo flipping)

19. METHAMPHETAMINE • CNS Stimulant • Easy to use! • Snort, Inject (Bang), Smoke, Swallow, Hoop • Effects 2 > 8 hours • Highly addictive • “Crystal, Jib, Shards”

20. Cocaine Organic Smoking 15 min Anaesthesia Expensive habit Hits you hard < alcohol Less psychiatric Hep C Ref: Dr Ian Martin Methamphetamine Synthetic Smoking 8 - 12 hrs No medical use 75% cheaper Hits you late < marihuana More psychiatric Cognitive Impairment Cocaine vs Methamphetamine

21. Users of Crystal • High Functioning users (workplace, professionals & students) • Recreational users (Ravers, Clubbers, LGBT using population) • Chronic Dependent users • Homeless / Street Entrenched • Street criminals (auto theft, identify theft)

22. GHB / GBL / BD ? • CNS depressant – gives alcohol like high • Rough White Powder like laundry detergent, may give off odor similar to mothballs. • Sold as: “cherry meth, liquid X, liquid ecstacy” • water soluble, odorless and colorless • effects max out at 6 hours

23. Slow, Slurred Speech Impaired Attention Drowsy Sedated Nystagmus Droopy Eyelids Intoxication Like Alcohol Difficulty Concentrating Disoriented Heart Rate + / - GHB Influence Signs

24. Ketamine Identification • Injectablepharmaceuticalliquid vial • off-white powder • Snort, i.v., i.m., ingest, smoke • 25 – 200 mg

25. KETAMINE • Ketalar – Human, Ketaset - Animal Psychedelic Effects: up to 2 Hours • Effects; Stimulant, hallucinations, floating sensation, sedative, visual distortions • O.D.; Anxiety, nausea, muscle weakness, impaired vision & speech, altered attention, learning & memory, sleep disorders, panic attacks, convulsions, respiratory depression, coma

26. Challenges/Sexually Exploited • Lack of awareness regarding the drugs used and their effects • Chemical drugs / Club drugs use on the rise • Date-rape related drugs used more and more intentionally –not always unintentional • Age at first use is younger and younger

27. Enabler Alcohol GHB Crystal Meth MDMA/ Ecstasy Disabler Alcohol GHB Ketamine Rohypnol/ Flunitrazepam Implicated Drugs Rave / Club / Date Scene

28. Policing in Canada

29. Policing in Canada

30. Goal Reduce/delay/eliminate alcohol, tobacco, drug use and risky behaviour by making good decisions! Grade 5 / 7 –alcohol, tobacco, weed