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Ablative Absolutes

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6 diapositives · 222 Views · Jul 20, 2014

This guide explores the concept of Ablative Absolutes in Latin, focusing on the translation and interpretation of various phrases. Through example sentences, we learn how Ablative Absolutes provide context, often expressing time (when) or reason (why) within a sentence. We analyze several phrases, including 'omnes clientes, oculis in ianuadefixis, patroni favorem exspectabant,' demonstrating their meaning and grammar. Additionally, practical examples for translation are provided, encouraging readers to apply this grammatical feature in their own work.

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Ablative Absolutes
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  1. Ablative Absolutes

  2. Look at how we have translated each of the following phrases: • omnesclientes, occulis in ianuadefixis, patronifavoremexspectabant. • All the clients, their eyes fixed on the doorway, waited for the favour of their patron. • puella, servo adstante, in extrema parte mutitudineconstitit. • The girl, her slave standing by her, stopped at the furthest part away of the crowd. • ianuasubitoaperta, in limineapparuitpraeco. • The door suddenly being opened, there appeared on the threshold a herald. • clientes, praeconeviso, clamarestatimcoeperunt. • The clients, the herald being seen, straightaway began to shout. • omnibus tandem silentibus, praecoitacoepit. • All at last falling silent, the herald began as follows.

  3. The words underlined are made up of an ablative noun and an ablative participle • Perfect Passive Participles • omnes clients, occulis in ianuadefixis, patronifavoremexspectabant. • All the clients, their eyes fixed on the doorway, waited for the favour of their patron. • ianuasubitoaperta, in limineapparuitpraeco. • The door suddenly being opened, there appeared on the threshold a herald. • clientes, praeconeviso, clamarestatimcoeperunt. • The clients, the herald being seen, straightaway began to shout. • Present Active Participles • puella, servo adstante, in extreme parte mutitudineconstitit. • The girl, her slave standing by her, stopped at the furthest part away of the crowd. • omnibus tandem silentibus, praecoitacoepit. • All at last falling silent, the herald began as follows.

  4. We can take the whole phrase out and it has no effect on the meaning of the rest of the sentence. • puella, servo adstante, in extrema parte multitudinisconstitit. • The girl, her slave standing by her, stood at the furthest part away of the crowd. • Could just be….. • puella in extrema parte multitudinisconsitit. • The girl stood at the furthest part away of the crowd. This sort of grammar feature is called the Ablative Absolute

  5. The ablative absolute often expresses WHEN or WHY something happened. • When (temporal) • clientes, praeconeviso, clamarestatimcoeperunt. • The clients, when they saw the herald, started to shout straightaway. • Why (causal) • clientes, praeconeviso, clamarestatimcoeperunt. • The clients, because they saw the herald, started to shout straightway.

  6. Some examples to try out with WHEN (temporal) or WHY (causal) or something else… • clientes, nominibussuisauditis, celeriterprogressidomumintraverunt. • The clients, ---------------------------, quickly went forward and entered the house. • ceteriautem, oculis in vultupraeconisdefixis, spefavorismanebant. • But the rest, ---------------------------------, stayed out of hope of favour. • his verbisdictis, paucosdenarios in turbamsparsit. • ------------------------------, he threw a few coins into the crowd.