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Welding Safety

Welding Safety. Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd. Welding Safety. Health Hazards Electrical Hazards Fire & Explosion Hazards Trips and Falls Compressed Gas Hazards Identifying Hazards Reducing Hazards Basic Safety Rules. Health Hazards. Gases and Fumes…

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Welding Safety

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  1. Welding Safety Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd.

  2. Welding Safety • Health Hazards • Electrical Hazards • Fire & Explosion Hazards • Trips and Falls • Compressed Gas Hazards • Identifying Hazards • Reducing Hazards • Basic Safety Rules

  3. Health Hazards • Gases and Fumes… • Welding “Smoke” is a mixture of very fine particles called fumes and gases • Welding “Smoke” contains fumes and gases including… • Chromium, nickel, arsenic, asbestos, manganese, silica, beryllium, cadmium, nitrogen oxides, phosgene, acrolein, flourine compounds, carbon monoxide, cobalt, copper, lead, ozone, selenium, and zinc

  4. Health Hazards…Gases & Fumes • Generally, gases and fumes come from… • Base material & filler material • Coatings & paints • Shielding gases & chemical reactions • Process & consumables used • Contaminants in the air

  5. Health Hazards • It is difficult to list all the health effects of welding exposures because the fumes may contain so many different substances that are known to be harmful • The individual components of welding “smoke” can affect just about any part of the body, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, & central nervous system

  6. Health Hazards • Exposure to welding “smoke” may have… • Short-term effects… • Effects happen at or very soon after exposure • Long-term effects • Effects may happen after repeated overexposures or an extended time after the exposure

  7. Short-term exposures • Exposure to zinc, magnesium, copper and copper oxide can cause metal fume fever • Symptoms of metal fume fever may occur 4 to 12 hours after exposure • Symptoms include… • Chills, thirst, fever, muscle ache, chest soreness, coughing, wheezing, fatigue, nausea, and metallic taste in mouth

  8. Short-term exposures • Welding “smoke” can irritate the eyes, nose, chest and respiratory tract • Welding “smoke” can cause coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, bronchitis, pulmonary edema, and pneumonitis • Welding “smoke” can cause nausea, loss of appetite, vomiting, cramps, and slow digestion

  9. Long-term exposures • Studies of welders, flame cutters, and burners have shown that welders have an increased risk of lung cancer… • and…possibly cancer of the larnyx and urinary tract • Remember… welding “smoke” can include cancer causing agents such as…cadmium, nickel, beryllium, chromium, and arsenic

  10. Other Health Risks… • Heat exposure… • Heat stress, heat stroke • Burns, eye injuries from hot slag, metal chips, sparks, and hot electrodes • Shirts • keep collar and sleeves buttoned to keep out sparks and remove pockets or tape them shut • Pants • no cuffs and come over shoe tops

  11. DANGER DO NOT WATCH ARC Other Health Risks… • Visible light, and ultraviolet and infrared radiation • Intense light can cause damage to retina • Infrared radiation may damage the cornea and result in cataracts • Invisible UV light can cause “arc eye” or “welders’ flash” • May include sandy or gritty eye, blurred vision, intense pain, tearing, burning and headache

  12. Other Health Risks… • Permanent eye damage • Skin burns • Skin cancer • Noise • Can result in stress, increased blood pressure, may contribute to heart disease, tiredness, nervousness, and irratability

  13. Electrical Hazards • Even though welding generally uses low voltage, there is still a danger of electric shock • Wet work areas, Cramped work spaces • Falls, fractures and other accidents can result from electrical exposure • Even small shock can cause brain damage • Death can occur from large shocks

  14. Electrical Hazards • Always use dry gloves • Always wear rubber soled shoes • Always use insulating layers • Protect yourself from surfaces that conduct electricity • When working on electrically powered machinery, make sure the frame is grounded • Keep insulation on all welding equipment and components dry and in good condition • Don’t change electrodes with bare hands, wet gloves or while standing on wet or ungrounded surfaces

  15. Fire and Explosion Hazards • Intense heat and sparks can cause fires or explosions if in the vicinity of combustible or flammable materials • Welding and cutting should only be performed in areas free of combustible materials such as trash, wood, paper, textiles, plastics, chemicals, and flammable dusts, liquids and gases

  16. Fire Prevention and Protection • Cutting torch temperatures can exceed 5000 degrees F • Suitable fire extinguishers shall be maintained in a state of readiness • Fire Watchers are required whenever welding and cutting is performed in locations where other than a minor fire might develop

  17. Fire Prevention and Protection • Fire Watchers are also required when: • Appreciable combustible materials, in building construction or contents, are closer than 35 feet to the point of operation • Appreciable combustible materials more than 35 feet away but are easily ignited by sparks • A fire watch shall be maintained for at least one half hour after the completion of welding or cutting operations

  18. Fire and Explosion Hazards • Never weld or cut on containers that have held a flammable or combustible material unless the container is thoroughly cleaned or filled with an inert gas • A fire inspection should be performed prior to leaving a work area and for at least 30 minutes after the operation is completed • Fire extinguishers should be nearby, of proper size, type and number for the hazards involved

  19. Case Study Arc welder dies in explosion while using an old barrel as a worktable • A 38-year-old male arc welder died as a result of an explosion at a construction company. • The victim was arc welding some brackets on the back of the truck. • He was apparently welding with a wire welder and used a metal 55-gal barrel as a worktable while welding. • Apparently the heat or sparks from the welding ignited residual vapors and/or material in the barrel, causing it to explode. • The explosion knocked the victim down, and started a fire in the immediate area.

  20. Case Study Recommendations • Ensure welders are suitably trained in safe operation of equipment and process. • Ensure that welding should not be performed on or near used drums, until they have been thoroughly cleaned. • Develop, implement, and enforce a written safety program, including HOT WORK. • Designate a competent person to conduct frequent and regular site safety inspections.

  21. Trips and Falls • To prevent trips and falls… • Keep work areas clear of equipment, machines, cables, and hoses • Always properly maintain and use handrails • Always use and maintain safety lines, harnesses and lanyards • Always make sure that scaffolds are properly assembled and used

  22. Compressed Gas Hazards • Gas welding and cutting use a fuel gas and oxygen which are stored in high pressure cylinders • Most fuel gases are explosive • Pure oxygen will increase the flammability of any combustible/flammable material

  23. Identifying Hazards • Identify hazards and potential hazards prior to beginning hot work • Read the MSDS sheet to identify the hazardous material used in welding and cutting products, and the fumes that may be generated • Make sure that you know what you are welding before beginning

  24. Reducing Hazards • After a specific hazard(s) has been identified… • You can implement appropriate control method(s) • You can use appropriate PPE PPE CONTROL

  25. Engineering Controls and Work Practices • UV shields between the worker and other operations can protect against exposures • Use work area barriers to protect others working in the same general area • Barriers can also reduce noise

  26. Filter Lens Shade Numbers • Soldering = #2 • Torch Brazing = #3 or #4 • Light cutting up to 1 inch = #3 or #4 • Medium cutting 1 inch to 6 inches = #4 or #5 • Heavy cutting over 6 inches = #4 or #6 • Light gas welding up to 1/8” = #4 or #5 • Medium gas welding 1/8” to ½ “ = #5 or #6 • Heavy Gas Welding over ½ “ = #6 or #8

  27. Protective Clothing • Fire resistant gauntlet gloves • Headcap • High top hard toed shoes • Leather apron • Faceshield • Flame retardant clothing • Safety Glasses • Safety helmet

  28. Hearing Protectors • Ear plugs and/or muffs should be worn during noisy operations such as air arcing or grinding • Most welding operations are noisy

  29. Respirators • Must be specific to the hazard • Must be fitted, cleaned, stored and maintained in accordance to regulation and manufacturers specs • NIOSH recommends respirators whenever a carcinogen is present

  30. Basic Safety Rules • 1. Before you start make sure personal safety is followed. • 2. Make sure you have had instruction • 3. Release adjusting screw on regulators before opening valves • 4. Stand on the opposite side of the regulator when opening a valve • 5. Open cylinder valve slowly, oxygen first all the way open acetylene just a quarter of a turn • 6. Do not use or compress acetylene at pressure higher than 15 psi.

  31. Basic Safety Rules • 7. Set working pressures as desired. • 8. Light acetylene first, shut it off first • 9. Never use oil on regulators or any equipment • 10. Do not use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air • 11. Keep heat, flames and sparks away from combustibles. • 12. Keep hoses out of sparks or spatter to prevent leaks

  32. Any Questions?

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