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Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Levels

Dive into the world of acids, bases, and pH scales. Learn about their properties, tastes, reactions, and the concept of neutralization. Discover how indicators can help identify the pH of substances.

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Understanding Acids, Bases, and pH Levels

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  1. Chapter 8 Acids, Bases, and pH

  2. The pH scale • pH scale is labeled 0-14 • 7 = neutral • 0-7 = acids, 7-14 = bases • “weak”, closer to 7 • “strong”, closer to 0 or 14

  3. Acids (0-7) • A compound that produces hydronium (H30+) ions when dissolved in H20 • Example: HCl + H20  H30+ + Cl- • Sour taste, react with metals, produce color changes in indicators • Examples: fruit, shampoo, vinegar

  4. Bases (7-14) • A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in H20 • Example: NaOH + H2O  Na+ + OH- • Bitter taste, slippery feel, produces color changes in indicators. • Example: deodorant, Tums (antacid), soap

  5. Neutralization • The rxn of acid + base • Example: H+ + OH- H20 • Neutral substances will not produce color changes in indicators.

  6. Neutralization and Salts • The negative ions of an acid combine with the positive ions of a base to produce an ionic compound called a salt. • The neutralization reaction between acid and base produces a salt and water. • (H3O+ + Cl-) + (Na+ + OH-)  2HOH + (Na+ + Cl-) acid base water salt

  7. Indicators • Something that indicates the pH of a solution or substance • Examples: • Natural (some flowers, cabbage juice, red onion juice) • pH paper (Litmus blue or red, universal)

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