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LOGIC 102 lesson 05

LOGIC 102 lesson 05. Sh. Safdar Razi. The Direction of the Syllogism. Arabic: jihatt ul-qadiyya Definition: What is understood and conceived from how the nisba exists between the subject and predicate, depending on the statement of the syllogism;

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LOGIC 102 lesson 05

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  1. LOGIC 102lesson 05 Sh. Safdar Razi

  2. The Direction of the Syllogism • Arabic:jihatt ul-qadiyya • Definition: • What is understood and conceived from how the nisba exists between the subject and predicate, depending on the statement of the syllogism; • I.e. that there is a statement in the syllogism that points/signifies/directs us to it. • The direction (jiha) is not understood unless we look at the actual statement of the syllogism (unlike the topic (maada) of the syllogism which is the nisba that occurs in itself whether understood from the syllogism itself or from outside of it). • The direction of the syllogism may or may not correspond to the topic (maada) of the syllogism.

  3. Example • Man is an animal by necessity. • Here the topic and the direction correspond since both are necessary. • There is no contradiction ( = true). • Man may be an animal. • Here there is a contradiction (= false).

  4. Question: • What if there is a contradiction between the direction and the topic of the predicative syllogism? • A: Then the syllogism is untrue.

  5. Two Types: • The predicative syllogism with respect to its direction (jeha) is of two types: • Directed (Muwajjaha):Definition:Mentions direction. • Absolute (Mutlaqa):Definition:Does not mention direction.

  6. 1. Directed • Arabic:muwajjaha • Definition: • Mentions/uses the direction within the predicative syllogism. • Is of two types: • Simple • Compound

  7. 1. Simple • Arabic: baseeta • Definition: • Can only be broken down into one syllogism. • Eight types: • The Imperative Essential • The General Conditional • The Continuous general • The Cultural General • The Absolutely General (actual) • The Temporal Absolute • The Generally Possible • The Possible Temporal

  8. 1. The Imperative Essential • Arabic:al-darooriya al-dhaatiyya • Definition: • That which signifies the imperativeness of confirming the predicate to the subject, whether in the positive or negative, as long as the essence of the subject exists unconditionally. • Tools used: • Imperitively • Example: • Man is an animal imperatively. • Tree do not move by free will imperatively.

  9. 2. The General Conditional

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