1 / 31

Essential Question :

Essential Question : In what ways did the Constitution deviate from the gov’t under the Articles of Confederation? What were the Federalist and Anti-Federalist critiques regarding the new Constitution? ). Constitutional Reform .

gunnar
Télécharger la présentation

Essential Question :

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Essential Question: • InwhatwaysdidtheConstitution deviate from the gov’t under the Articles of Confederation? • What were the Federalist and Anti-Federalist critiques regarding the new Constitution? • )

  2. Constitutional Reform Thus, states created weak state governors & a weak Articles of Confederation • American political ideology changed from the beginning of the American Revolution to the late Confederation period: • In the 1770s, American political leaders saw tyranny as the greatest threat to the USA • But…by the mid-1780s, they sawordinarycitizenswho lacked virtue as the greatest threat The problem is an excess of democracy not an excess of tyranny Shays’ Rebellion will help prove this point to the Founding Fathers

  3. Constitutional Reform Congress did not have the tax funds to send an army Merchants in MA hired their own mercenary militia to end the uprising • By 1787, the fatal flaws of the Articles of Confed were exposed: • Shays’ Rebellion broke out among desperate MA farmers who faced losing their farms or being sent to debtor’s prison • Congress called for a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles & strengthening the national gov’t Shays’ Rebellion gave nationalists like Washington, Madison, Hamilton the urgency to call for a stronger national gov’t In May, James Madison led the Annapolis Convention to discuss improving American trade

  4. The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, 1787

  5. The Philadelphia Convention • Shay’s Rebellion led to increased support for a stronger central government & more attendance at the Philadelphia Convention • In May 1787, 55 delegates from all states (except RI) met to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation, but it soon became apparent that something more serious was needed They did NOT intend to replace the Articles

  6. The Philadelphia Convention Is this a government of the people? • The Philadelphia Convention delegates in Philadelphia made 3 important (& illegal) decisions: • The Articles of Confederation were to be completely replaced • Nothing from the meeting was to beprintedorspokentothepublic • Every state got 1 vote but all decisions needed a majority vote (not 9 of 13 states) to pass To amend the Articles, all 13 states had to agree

  7. Delegates incorporated 4 major principles into this new gov’t: Limited gov’t—even though a strongergov’twasbeingcreated, citizens’ liberty is protected Republicanism—the people vote for their leaders Separation of powers—three branches with defined powers Federalism—the national gov’t shares power with state gov’ts Inventing a Federal Republic

  8. Three Branches of Government

  9. Federalism

  10. William Paterson presented the New Jersey Plan: Congress given power to tax Each state had one vote in a unicameral legislature But Articles mostly untouched James Madison presented the Virginia Plan: Bicameral legislature Larger states had more representatives Create a chief executive appointed by Congress Inventing a Federal Republic Small states objected to this large-state dominance The large states listened politely then overwhelmingly votedagainst it

  11. The Great Compromise Also known as the “Connecticut” Compromise” • Roger Sherman helped resolve the differences between the large & small states by proposing the Great Compromise • Congress would be a bicameral legislature (House & Senate) • Each state was given 2 delegates in the Senate • House of Representatives was determined by state population Victory for the small states Victory for large states Only the House of Reps could introduce tax bills

  12. What did Congress look like after the Great Compromise?

  13. The 3/5 Compromise • Problems still remained between the northern & southern states regarding how to count population size (do slaves count?) • The Three-Fifths Compromise settled the issue: • Three-fifths of the slave population could be counted toward representation in the House of Representatives

  14. Compromising with Slavery • Despite the contradiction slavery posed, Southerners threatened to leave the USA anytime the slave question was discussed • As a compromise for the South, the slave trade could continue to 1808 & runaway slaves returned “Great as the evil is, a dismemberment of the Union would be worse.” —James Madison

  15. The Last Details Including ideas once considered tyrannical: Presidential power to appoint judges & presidential veto power over Congress • In 1787, a final draft included: • Electoral College to vote for the president to “filter the masses” • System of checks & balances among the 3 branches of gov’t • President would serve for 4 years rather than for life • Delegates decided against a Bill of Rights because most state constitutions already had them

  16. FYI: Electoral Votes (2000 Census)

  17. James Madison helped broker many of the compromises that made the Constitution possible & is referred to as the “father of the Constitution”

  18. Key Ideas of the Constitution Only Congress can make laws, declare war, create taxes The “elastic clause” gives Congress implied powers to make laws seen as “necessary & proper” The Senate ratifies treaties & confirms judicial appointments

  19. Key Ideas of the Constitution The president can only recommend legislation to Congress but can veto bills The president oversees the bureaucracy

  20. Key Ideas of the Constitution The only court mentioned in the Constitution is the Supreme Court

  21. Federalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the "the supreme law of the land" A state law cannot contradict a national law

  22. The Struggle for Ratification

  23. The Struggle for Ratification • The delegates in Philadelphia knew that ratification of the new Constitution would not be easy: • They had no authority to change the Articles of Confederation • They did not inform the public of their ongoing decisions • They fundamentally altered the relationships between the states & the central government

  24. Federalists Supported ratification of the Constitution Were well-organized & educated Used Federalist Papers to argue for ratification Had the support of the media Anti-Federalists Against ratification Distrusted of a gov’t that removed power from the hands of the people Claimed the new Constitution favored the upper class Federalists & Anti-Federalists Authored by Madison, Hamilton, & Jay Anti-Federalists argued for more protection of individual liberties “The Constitution is itself a Bill of Rights”

  25. Ratification of the Constitution

  26. Adding the Bill of Rights If 1776 was the 1st American Revolution… 1787 was the 2nd American Revolution • To win ratification, the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights • With this protection of citizens’ liberty, all 13 states agreed to ratify the Constitution • Constitution became the official the law of the land in 1789 • After bitter fight, most Americans chose to support the Constitution

  27. Constitution Scavenger Hunt

More Related