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Iran Iraq War

Iran Iraq War. Iraq. People. Ethnic population Arabs 2/3 population Kurds 1/3 population Have own language and customs Want own state Suppressed in Iraq. Religion . Two Islamic sects Shiite 3/5 of population Believe Muslim leader should be a direct descendant of Mohammed.

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Iran Iraq War

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  1. Iran Iraq War

  2. Iraq

  3. People • Ethnic population • Arabs • 2/3 population • Kurds • 1/3 population • Have own language and customs • Want own state • Suppressed in Iraq

  4. Religion • Two Islamic sects • Shiite • 3/5 of population • Believe Muslim leader should be a direct descendant of Mohammed

  5. Sunni • 2/5 of population • Believe leader should be a respected leader of the community • Saddam Hussein belonged to this group • Main difference is over who should lead the Muslim community!!!

  6. Politics • Baath Party • Party of Saddam Hussein • Characteristics • Secular group • Non-religiousgovernment • Uses oil money for government projects • Hussein begins to eliminate opponents

  7. Saddam’s Rise to Power • Baath Party gains control of Iraq in 1963 • 1968 Saddam takes part in coup • Named deputy to the new president • Becomes deputy chairman of Baathist Revolutionary Command Council

  8. Progressive politician • Modernized Iraqi economy • State welfare and development programs • Oversaw seizure of oil interests

  9. 1976 • Saddam becomes general in Iraqi armed forces • Took increasing role as face of government • Architect of foreign policy • De facto leader until 1979 July 16 1979 officially assumes presidency of Iraq

  10. Iran Iraq War 1980-1988 • Causes • Border disputes • Fear of Shiite revolution • Saddam was Sunni • Feared impact of Iranian revolution • Ayatollah Khomeini and Iranians were Shiite • Iraq wanted to assert itself as dominant Arab nation

  11. Goals for Iraq • Remove Iranian leaders • Gain oil and land • Wanted access to Persian Gulf • Make Saddam a national hero

  12. Timeline of Events • September 22, 1980 • Iraqi forces invade Iran • War lasts 8 years • Oil fields and oil tankers attacked • Mines placed in Persian Gulf • 1987 – US Navy sends ships to protect tankers

  13. Long, brutal war • use of chemical weapons on both sides • more than a million combined deaths

  14. US Support of Iraq • Several billion dollars in aid • Sale of dual use technology • Technology used for both peaceful and military aims • Weapons • Military Intelligence • Special Operations training • Why would the US support Iraq?

  15. Anti-Iranian sentiments • Oil interests • Desire to promote stability in both Persian Gulf and Middle East

  16. End to the war • Results in a Stalemate, UN cease-fire in 1988 • U.S. puts sanctions on Iraq and decreases its support b/c of human rights violations • What next?

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