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Integumentary System

The integumentary system comprises the skin and its derivatives, with the epidermis as the outer layer characterized by stratified squamous cells. It lacks blood supply and features a process known as keratinization, consisting of four to five strata: stratum basale (active mitosis and melanocytes), stratum spinosum (connected layers), stratum granulosum (beginning of keratinization), stratum lucidum (found in thick skin), and stratum corneum (fully keratinized cells). The dermis, made of dense connective tissue, supports the epidermis and houses structures like hair follicles and sebaceous/sudoriferous glands.

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System

  2. Epidermis • Outer layer of skin • Stratified squamous • Has no blood supply • Cells go through process of keratinization • Regular skin has four strata • Thick skin has five strata

  3. Stratum basale • Next to basement membrane and blood supply • Active mitosis • Contain melanocytes

  4. Stratum spinosum • Consists of several layers • Spiny projections extend down to connect layers together

  5. Stratum germinativum • Composed of two layers: • Stratum basale • Stratum spinosum

  6. Stratum granulosum • 2-3 layers of flattened cells • Keratinization begins here

  7. Stratum Lucidum • Translucent 2-3 layers • Only found in thick skin

  8. Stratum corneum • Outermost layer • ¾ of thickness • 20-30 layers • Cells are completely keratinized • 5 week life cycle

  9. Dermis

  10. Dermis • Stratum corium • Made of dense connective tissue • Papillary layer • Reticular layer

  11. Subcutaneous layer • Anchors skin • Loose connective and adipose tissues • Also called hypodermis or superficial fascia

  12. Skin Color

  13. Functions • Protection • Sensory reception • Regulation of body temperature • Synthesis of vitamin D

  14. Epidermal Derivatives • Hair and hair follicles • Nails • Glands

  15. Hair and hair follicles • Composed of dead, keratinized cells • Produced from stratum basale • Color determined by melanin production • Texture determined by shape of hair shaft

  16. Nails • Layers of dead stratum corneum • Stratum basale forms nail bed

  17. Glands • Three types: • Sebaceous • Sudoriferous • Ceruminous

  18. Sebaceous glands • Found everywhere there is hair • Holocrine glands • Secrete sebum • Keeps skin and hair pliable • Inhibits bacterial growth and helps prevent water loss • Activated by increased sex hormones

  19. Sudoriferous glands • Sweat glands • Located everywhere except the lips, nipples, and parts of the external genitalia • Merocrine and apocrine glands

  20. Ceruminous glands • Modified sweat glands in the ear canal • Secrete cerumen

  21. ABCD Rule for Moles

  22. Burns • First degree • Second degree • Third degree • Rule of nines

  23. First degree burn

  24. Second degree burn

  25. Third degree burn

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