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SHMD 249 28/02/2013

Body Composition. SHMD 249 28/02/2013. Re-cap. BMI WHR. Definitions. Mass: the body’s total weight. Body composition: The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and other tissues that comprise the body. Fat mass: is made up of fat (adipose tissue).

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SHMD 249 28/02/2013

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  1. BodyComposition SHMD 249 28/02/2013

  2. Re-cap • BMI • WHR

  3. Definitions • Mass: the body’s total weight. • Body composition: The relative percentage of muscle, fat, bone, and other tissues that comprise the body. • Fat mass: is made up of fat (adipose tissue). • Percentage body fat: % of total body weight that is composed of fat. • Lean body mass: Lean body mass is the weight of a person's body minus the fat. This includes muscle, bones, organs, and other nonfat tissue.

  4. Definitions • Underfat: too little body weight comprised of fat. • Overfat: too much of the body weight comprised of fat. • Obese: extreme overfatness. • Moderately Overweight: 20% over desirable body weight. • Severely overweight: 40% over desirable body weight.

  5. Body Composition Testing BMI WHR Skinfold assessment • Proper uses of results: • - Serve as baseline data for repeated testing. • Provide motivation for goal setting. • Provide awareness about health risks. • Estimate athlete’s optimal body weight. • Monitor changes in body composition (Athletes, children, overweight persons)

  6. Levels of Body Fatness Men Women Essential fat 5% 10% Borderline 6-9% 11-16% Good fitness - health 10-20% 17-28% Marginal fitness 21-25% 29-35% Overfatness > 25% > 35% • Essential fat: the minimum amount of fat in the body necessary to maintain healthy living • Nonessential fat: extra fat, or fat reserves stored in the body.

  7. Body Composition Assessment TechniquesSkinfold Technique • Layers of subcutaneous fat are measured at different sites of body to estimate total body fat levels. • Advantages • Fairly accurate • Easy to perform • Inexpensive • Disadvantages • Human error

  8. Common Skinfold Sites 4 Site Triceps Biceps Subscapular Suprailiac 7 Site Chest Axilla Triceps Subscapular Abdomen Supraillium Thigh

  9. Pg 158 Skinfold Technique • The skinfold assessment test is carried out using a skinfold caliper. • Pre-measurement Instructions: • Measurements should not be taken after training or competition, sauna, swimming or showering. • Exercise, warm water and heat can produce dehydration or increased blood flow = inaccurate results.

  10. Pg 158 Skinfold Technique • Take the measurements on the left hand side of the body. • Mark up the client accurately. • Using your forefinger and thumb, pinch the skin 1 cm on either side of the mark. • Pull the fat away from the muscle. • Place the caliper halfway between the top and bottom of the skinfold. • Allow the caliper to settle for one or two seconds. • Take the reading and wait 15 seconds before repeating for accuracy. • Add up the total of the four measurements. • Calculate body fat % using the table.

  11. Body Fat & Sports Performance • Excess body fat can negatively influence many types of sport performance requiring jumping and running. • High ratios of fat free mass to fat mass are generally positively related to sport. • Athletes are leaner than sedentary individuals – regardless of gender. • Extremely low fat mass in women can result in health problems (Refer: “too thin”).

  12. Body Fat & Sports Performance Swimmer Rugby player Ballet dancer Sumo Wrestler Volleyball player Body builder

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