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Not-So-Simple Machines: The Six Hardest Working Machines in Your World

Explore the fascinating world of machines and how they make work easier through changing force, distance, and direction. Learn about mechanical advantage and the types of levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wedges, and wheels & axles. Discover examples and diagrams to understand these essential tools. Visit sources for more information.

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Not-So-Simple Machines: The Six Hardest Working Machines in Your World

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  1. Not so simple machines The six hardest working machines in your world

  2. What is a machine? • Machines make work easier.

  3. How do machines make work easier? • They can change the amount of force • They can change the distance • They can also change the direction • Multiply force which decreases distance the load moves. • Multiply the distance which decreases force. • Or, they leave force and distance alone but change the direction in which the load moves.

  4. What is mechanical advantage? The number of times a machine multiplies the effort or input force.

  5. The Lever

  6. What is a Lever? a rigid bar that is free to turn about a fixed point called the fulcrum Every Lever has three (3) parts: Effort: Where force is placed. Resistance: Object that is moved Fulcrum Pivoting Point

  7. There are 3 types of levers: • A first class lever is like a teeter-totter or see-saw. One end will lift an object (child) up just as far as the other end is pushed down.

  8. A second class lever is like a wheel barrow. The long handles of a wheel barrow are really the long arms of a lever. Picture from http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~mwampole/1-resources/simple-machines/wheelbarrow.html

  9. A third class lever is like a fishing pole. When the pole is given a tug, one end stays still but the other end flips in the air catching the fish.

  10. Diagrams of Levers Effort force = input force Load – output force

  11. Examples of Levers • 1st Class – Seesaw, crowbar • 2nd Class – Wheelbarrow, Nutcracker • 3rd Class – Forearm, Rake, Broom

  12. The Pulley

  13. What is a pulley? A rope, belt or chain wrapped around a grooved wheel. Picture from http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/f/fixed_pulley/support.gif

  14. Diagrams of Pulleys

  15. Examples of Pulleys • Window Blinds • Flagpole Picture from http://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/repair/how-to-repair-windows4.htm Picture from http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/careers/engquest/students-lower-sm.cfm?CFID=8384&CFTOKEN=96471203#Load?CFID=8384&CFTOKEN=96471203

  16. The Inclined Plane

  17. What is an inclined plane? A straight slanted surface. ( Ex. a ramp.) Picture from http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~mwampole/1-resources/simple-machines/handicap-walk.html

  18. The Inclined Plane Effort Distance Resistance

  19. Examples of an Inclined Plane • Ramp • Stairs Picture from http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~mwampole/1-resources/simple-machines/steps.html#answer1

  20. The Screw

  21. What is a screw? An inclined plane that wraps around a shaft. Picture from http://www.nvsd44.bc.ca/sites/ReportsViewOnePopM.asp?RID=3812

  22. Diagram of Screw Picture from http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ieaust/app_templates/coretemplates/engquest/images/Machines/SM_diagram12.jpg

  23. The Wedge

  24. The Wedge an inclined plane that tapers to a sharp edge Picture from http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/ieaust/app_templates/coretemplates/engquest/images/Machines/SM_diagram11.jpg

  25. Examples of Wedges Zipper Door Stop

  26. The Wheel & Axle

  27. The Wheel & Axlea wheel connected to a rigid pole • The Wheel & axle is a modified lever: • The center of the axle acts as a fulcrum – making the wheel a lever that rotates around in a circle.

  28. Examples of a wheel & axle

  29. What type of machine? • http://staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us/~mwampole/1-resources/simple-machines/

  30. Sources • http://www.science-class.net/PowerPoints/Types%20of%20Simple%20Machines.htm • http://www.science-class.net/PowerPoints/Work_Simple_Machines.htm

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