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Exploring the Galilean Moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

Discover the fascinating Galilean moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Voyager spacecraft first captured stunning images of Io, revealing a surface dominated by active volcanoes and minimal cratering. Europa features a mostly water-ice crust with intriguing geological features suggesting tidal heating. Ganymede, the largest moon in our solar system, boasts a unique composition that could qualify it as a planet if it orbited the Sun. Callisto, heavily cratered and ancient, reflects the solar system's early history. Dive into the wonders of these celestial bodies!

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Exploring the Galilean Moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

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  1. The Galilean moons By Sierra Lewis

  2. The Galilean moons • Io • Europa • Ganymede • Callisto

  3. Lo • The Voyager spacecraft took the first close-up images of Io more than 300 years after the moon's discovery. The images showed a surface with no signs of craters from past impacts. What we saw instead was a surface almost entirely covered with large volcanoes. Cameras on Voyager actually captured volcanic eruptions in progress. The frequency of these sulfuric eruptions has filled in almost all of the impact craters and left Io with one of the youngest looking surfaces in the solar system.

  4. Europa • Europa's surface and crust are made almost entirely of water ice, and its bizarre, fractured appearance is proof enough that tidal heating has acted there. The icy surface is nearly devoid of impact craters and may be only a few million years old.

  5. Ganymede • Ganymede is the largest moon of Jupiter and is the largest in our solar system with a diameter of 5,262 km (3,280 miles). If Ganymede orbited the Sun instead of Jupiter it could be classified as a planet. Like Callisto, Ganymede is most likely composed of a rocky core with a water/ice mantle and a crust of rock and ice. Its low density of 1.94 gm/cm3, indicates that the core takes up about 50% of the satellite's diameter. Ganymede's mantle is most likely composed of ice and silicates, and its crust is probably a thick layer of water ice.

  6. Callisto • Callisto is the second largest moon of Jupiter, the third largest in the solar system, and is about the same size as Mercury. It orbits just beyond Jupiter's main radiation belt. Callisto is the most heavily cratered satellite in the solar system. Its crust is very ancient and dates back 4 billion years, just shortly after the solar system was formed.

  7. The Galilean moons

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