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The Reconstruction Era marked a pivotal time in Illinois following the Civil War, impacting millions of newly freed slaves. Under President Johnson, Southern states enacted stringent laws against African Americans while Republican-led policies began in 1867, ensuring voting rights for Black citizens. The emergence of groups like the Ku Klux Klan sought to undermine these efforts. Concurrently, Illinois experienced rapid industrial growth, urbanization, and the establishment of significant labor movements, culminating in a transformative period characterized by political corruption, devastating events like the Great Chicago Fire, and a burgeoning economy.
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