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Comparing the Indus Valley and Sumer: Geography, Economy, and Society

Explore the intriguing contrasts and similarities between the ancient Indus Valley and Sumer civilizations. This lesson focuses on their geographical features, economic foundations, and social structures. Students will engage in comparative analysis, discussing the strengths and weaknesses of each civilization, and the impact of geography, trade, and religion. Key questions include the differences between the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, and Sumer, as well as the nature of the Indus civilization's economy, which relied heavily on agriculture and trade.

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Comparing the Indus Valley and Sumer: Geography, Economy, and Society

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  1. Bellringer • Have out your homework! • On the back of your Indus Valley Notes, write “Sumer Warm-Up September 19, 2011” and please answer the following questions in complete sentences: • What is the difference between the Fertile Crescent, Mesopotamia, and Sumer? • What were the three geographic weaknesses of Sumer? • Bad Joke of the Day: What did the alien say to the gardener?

  2. Objective • The students will be able to draw comparisons and contrasts between Sumer and Indus and log onto turnitin.com.

  3. Indus River Valley Civilization

  4. Geography • Indus and Ganges Rivers form 1500 miles of a river valley • Indus: Link to the sea=trade • Residents of the Indus River Valley depended on unpredictable flooding for crops

  5. Residents must also deal with monsoons • Seasonal winds that dominate the climate • October-May: dry winter air • June-September: wet moist air

  6. Geographical barriers • Hindu Kush Mountains • Karakoram Mountains • Himalayan Mountains • Thar Desert • Geographical barriers provide protection

  7. Civilization Emerges on the Indus • As early as 3200 BCE—farming villages • Historians to date cannot decipher the writing system

  8. Planned Cities • 100 settlements along the Indus by 2500 BCE • City planning took place along a precise grid system • Fortified area=citadel • Residential areas—all buildings made of bricks • Sophisticated plumbing and sewage systems

  9. Economy • Definition of economy: • Based off of agriculture and trade • Evidence of trade with Sumer • Products with Indus seals found in Sumer and Sumerian objects found in Indus (2350-2000 BCE)

  10. Government and Religion • Stable society without much conflict or rigid class system • Mostly egalitarian • Religious artifacts indicate connections to Hindu society of today • Polytheism • Gods, like in Sumer, based on nature • Mother goddess: nature, agriculture • Fertility: plants, children

  11. Mysterious End to Indus Valley Culture • 1750 BCE: period of decline and decay • What happened? No one knows for sure, but some ideas exist: 1. Indus changed course and failed to fertilize fields surrounding cities 2. Over-farming of the land

  12. Compare/Contrast Indus and Sumer

  13. Advertisement • Task: To create a poster advertising life in Indus or Sumer. • You need to include the following: • Geography: what is the land like, are there natural barriers, and how do these factors influence life • Religion: what is the basis of religion, what are some characteristics of the religion • Economy: what is the economy based on, how does it impact daily life

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