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Classical India, Hinduism, and Buddhism

Classical India, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Dr. East, 10/20/2013. Physical Characterstics. Physical barriers, such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean, made invasion difficult. Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided migration routes into the Indian subcontinent. 

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Classical India, Hinduism, and Buddhism

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  1. Classical India, Hinduism, and Buddhism Dr. East, 10/20/2013

  2. Physical Characterstics • Physical barriers, such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean, made invasion difficult. • Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided migration routes into the Indian subcontinent.  • The Indus R. and Ganges R. were the important rivers in the Indian subcontinent.

  3. Indus River Valley civilization • Harappan Civilization, 3300 BC –1300 BC • Good plumbing, excellent city planning, public baths, • Includes cities of Harappa of Mohenjo-Daro • Very beginnings of Hindu Religion • Language a mystery • Aryans (Indo-Aryans) migration (1750 BC) from the North (likely the Caucasus Mts.) changed Indus Valley • Social Caste system, which influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations, became solidified • Aryans unified much of India • Hindu Gods date back to Ancient Harappan times (oldest religion) • Vedic period of Hindu Religion (1600–800 BC) • First Upanishads (teachings on Vedas) written (1200-1000 BC) • Fulfilling one’s Dharma, one’s role in the caste system, was the way to enlightenment (Moksha) and integration with the world soul (Brahmin) • Spread of Hindu Religion all across sub-continent -- Stayed mainly confined to India

  4. Mauryan Empire – Asoka (Ashoka) • Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in a part of India that is in present-day Nepal. • Siddhartha Gautama born sometime between, 563 BC to 483 BC • Mauryan Empire – 322 BC to 185 BC • Asoka, Ashoka, greatest King of Empire, 304–232 BC • Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia. • Continued political unification of much of India • Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, veterinary clinics, good roads

  5. Gupta Empire • Gupta Empire, 320 to 520 CE • Golden Age of classical Indian culture • Contributions: • Mathematics (concept of zero • medical advances (setting bones) • astronomy (concept of a round earth • new textiles

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