Life Science Review

1. Life Science Review

2. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 1. Label the parts, A-D, of the food pyramid to the side as either: primary consumer, tertiary consumer, producer or secondary consumer. Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producer

3. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 2. Circle in green all the producers in the food web, orange all the primary consumers, blue all the secondary consumers and red all the tertiary consumers. Color in the corresponding parts of the food pyramid.

4. Predator Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) *This is just ONE possible answer, there are MANY other correct answers! Prey 3. Circle in purple one example of a predator/prey relationship and label the predator and prey.

5. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 4. Which organism(s) should appear at Level B of the energy pyramid? A) plants B) fox and toad C) owl and snake D) mouse and squirrel

6. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 5. At which level(s) of the food web above would the greatest amount of energy most likely exist? • Owl and snake • Grasshopper and squirrel • Fox and rabbit • plants

7. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 6. At which level(s) of the food pyramid would the greatest amount of energy most likely exist? • A • B • C • D

8. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) • Match the following symbiotic relationship words with their correct definition: parasitism, commensalism, mutualism. ________________- one organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed. ________________- one organism benefits and the other is harmed. ________________- both organisms benefit. commensalism parasitism mutualism

9. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 8. Which of the following is an example of a parasite-host relationship between two organisms? • Mistletoe, a flowering plant, imbeds its root system in a tree limb for food and water. The tree limb becomes weak and breaks. • Army ants travel along a forest floor and stir up different kinds of flying insects. Birds follow the ant colony and eat the flying insects. • Birds called cattle egrets search for insects in livestock fields. Livestock like cattle and horses stir up insects as they walk through the fields. • Clownfish protect themselves from predators by hiding among the tentacles of sea anemones. Clownfish eat butterflyfish, which eat sea anemones.

10. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) What are some of the consumers of each ecosystem? How would you describe the temperature in the terrestrial (land) ecosystems? How would you describe the producers of each ecosystem and give examples? How would you describe the water in each ecosystem? 9. List some common abiotic and biotic factors that you would find in each of the following ecosystems: Little vegetation: cacti Very little water HOT Lizards, snakes, camels Frozen soil: small root plants like grasses Very Little water COLD Caribou, polar bears Changes w/ seasons Good vegetation: trees, shrubs… Moderate water Squirrels, owls, deer Lots of vegetation: trees, vines… Warm Lots of water & humid Monkeys, birds, snakes GRASSES, shrubs, few trees… Little water warm Rabbits, bison, gophers saltwater Algae & phytoplankton Fish, shark, whales, shellfish freshwater Algae & plankton Catfish, bass, minnows Fresh & salt water Algae & plankton Oysters, crab, young fish

11. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) • Which of these environments has the MOST biodiversity? A) a tropical rain forest B) a polar ice cap C) a desert D) a stream Biodiversity- the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

12. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 11. Which of the following best explains why specific physical conditions, such as temperature ranges and light, should be maintained in an ecosystem? • All organisms require the same physical conditions in order to survive. • The physical conditions of an ecosystem control the food chains in the environment. • Organisms are specifically adapted to live in the physical conditions of their ecosystem. • Organisms move to a different ecosystem if the physical conditions change in their original ecosystem.

13. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 12. Which of the following is NOT an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Bacteria B) Beetle C) Shrub D) Water

14. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 13. Which is an example of competition for a biotic factor? A) groundhogs competing for places to dig burrows. B) birds competing for berries to eat. C) plants growing tall to get more sunlight than other plants. D) Snakes competing for sunny places to warm themselves.

15. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 14. Which of the following would be an abiotic component of a grassland environment? A) cactus B) palm C) fertile soil D) banana tree

16. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • Which of the following would most likely have a long-term, negative effect on the hyacinth macaw’s survival? A) Hyacinth macaws mainly eating palm-tree nuts B) Some hyacinth macaws nesting in the holes of cliffs C) Removal of 10,000 hyacinth macaws for the pet-trade business D) Hyacinth macaws spreading the manduvi tree’s seeds in their droppings

17. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • Farmers within the hyacinth macaw’s range set yearly grass fires that often destroy the bird’s nesting trees. Which of the following best explains why this action would lead to either a short-term or long-term effect on the hyacinth macaw population? A) Short-term effect, because the hyacinth macaws can nest in cliffs B) Short-term effect, because the nesting trees will grow back quickly C) Long-term effect, because the hyacinth macaws’ nesting sites are destroyed D) Long-term effect, because yearly fires do not preven more dangerous fires

18. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • In 1995, gray wolves were restored to Yellowstone National Park. As a result, the gray wolves began to control the park’s large elk population, which had been over-eating trees growing along the park’s streams. The recovery of the trees, in turn, has cooled the stream flows to normal temperatures. Which of the following organisms would probably benefit most from the streams’ cooler waters? A) Migrating birds that need nesting areas B) Native trout that live in the park’s water C) Trees that provide habitats for native birds D) Beavers that use willow branches to make dams

19. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information given above? A) Polar bears will adapt to a los of Arctic sea ice and find new sources of food. B) The amount of sea ice available for polar bears has generally increased since 1978. C) The extent of Arctic sea ice each year depends on the size of the polar bear population. D) The polar bears’ survival is threatened because less sea ice makes it more difficult for them to hunt.

20. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • The theory of natural selection explains how- A) farmers develop certain types of crop plants. B) variations appear in a species. C) environments change over time. D) useful traits spread through a population.

21. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • What is most likely to happen if an environment changes and a species does not have variations that are helpful in the new conditions? A) Members of the species will try to change the environment. B) Members of the species will develop new adaptations. C) A new species will form from the existing species. D) The species will become extinct.

22. Body SystemsMatch the following body systems with the correct definition. _____1. Transports materials throughout the body. A) Excretory System _____2. Protects against disease. B) Endocrine System _____3. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) Circulatory System _____4. Secretes hormones to regulate body. D) Skeletal System _____5. Supports body & protects organs. E) Immune System _____6. Sends and receives signals through body. F) Respiratory System _____7. Moves the body. G) Nervous System _____8. Skin that protects body. H) Muscular System _____9. Breaks food down into nutrients. I) Digestive System _____10. Produces offspring. J) Reproductive Sys. _____11. Removes wastes from the body. K) Integumentary Sys.

23. Kingdoms

25. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 4. Which organism(s) should appear at Level B of the energy pyramid? A) plants B) fox and toad C) owl and snake D) mouse and squirrel

26. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 5. At which level(s) of the food web above would the greatest amount of energy most likely exist? • Owl and snake • Grasshopper and squirrel • Fox and rabbit • plants

27. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 6. At which level(s) of the food pyramid would the greatest amount of energy most likely exist? • A • B • C • D

28. Living Organism Relationships (8.11A) 8. Which of the following is an example of a parasite-host relationship between two organisms? • Mistletoe, a flowering plant, imbeds its root system in a tree limb for food and water. The tree limb becomes weak and breaks. • Army ants travel along a forest floor and stir up different kinds of flying insects. Birds follow the ant colony and eat the flying insects. • Birds called cattle egrets search for insects in livestock fields. Livestock like cattle and horses stir up insects as they walk through the fields. • Clownfish protect themselves from predators by hiding among the tentacles of sea anemones. Clownfish eat butterflyfish, which eat sea anemones.

29. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) • Which of these environments has the MOST biodiversity? A) a tropical rain forest B) a polar ice cap C) a desert D) a stream

30. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 11. Which of the following best explains why specific physical conditions, such as temperature ranges and light, should be maintained in an ecosystem? • All organisms require the same physical conditions in order to survive. • The physical conditions of an ecosystem control the food chains in the environment. • Organisms are specifically adapted to live in the physical conditions of their ecosystem. • Organisms move to a different ecosystem if the physical conditions change in their original ecosystem.

31. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 12. Which of the following is NOT an example of a biotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Bacteria B) Beetle C) Shrub D) Water

32. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 13. Which is an example of competition for a biotic factor? A) groundhogs competing for places to dig burrows. B) birds competing for berries to eat. C) plants growing tall to get more sunlight than other plants. D) Snakes competing for sunny places to warm themselves.

33. Abiotic & Biotic (8.11B) 14. Which of the following would be an abiotic component of a grassland environment? A) cactus B) palm C) fertile soil D) banana tree

34. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • Which of the following would most likely have a long-term, negative effect on the hyacinth macaw’s survival? A) Hyacinth macaws mainly eating palm-tree nuts B) Some hyacinth macaws nesting in the holes of cliffs C) Removal of 10,000 hyacinth macaws for the pet-trade business D) Hyacinth macaws spreading the manduvi tree’s seeds in their droppings

35. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • Farmers within the hyacinth macaw’s range set yearly grass fires that often destroy the bird’s nesting trees. Which of the following best explains why this action would lead to either a short-term or long-term effect on the hyacinth macaw population? A) Short-term effect, because the hyacinth macaws can nest in cliffs B) Short-term effect, because the nesting trees will grow back quickly C) Long-term effect, because the hyacinth macaws’ nesting sites are destroyed D) Long-term effect, because yearly fires do not preven more dangerous fires

36. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • In 1995, gray wolves were restored to Yellowstone National Park. As a result, the gray wolves began to control the park’s large elk population, which had been over-eating trees growing along the park’s streams. The recovery of the trees, in turn, has cooled the stream flows to normal temperatures. Which of the following organisms would probably benefit most from the streams’ cooler waters? A) Migrating birds that need nesting areas B) Native trout that live in the park’s water C) Trees that provide habitats for native birds D) Beavers that use willow branches to make dams

37. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information given above? A) Polar bears will adapt to a los of Arctic sea ice and find new sources of food. B) The amount of sea ice available for polar bears has generally increased since 1978. C) The extent of Arctic sea ice each year depends on the size of the polar bear population. D) The polar bears’ survival is threatened because less sea ice makes it more difficult for them to hunt.

38. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • The theory of natural selection explains how- A) farmers develop certain types of crop plants. B) variations appear in a species. C) environments change over time. D) useful traits spread through a population.

39. Environmental Changes and Organism Traits (8.11C) • What is most likely to happen if an environment changes and a species does not have variations that are helpful in the new conditions? A) Members of the species will try to change the environment. B) Members of the species will develop new adaptations. C) A new species will form from the existing species. D) The species will become extinct.

40. Body SystemsMatch the following body systems with the correct definition. _____1. Transports materials throughout the body. A) Excretory System _____2. Protects against disease. B) Endocrine System _____3. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) Circulatory System _____4. Secretes hormones to regulate body. D) Skeletal System _____5. Supports body & protects organs. E) Immune System _____6. Sends and receives signals through body. F) Respiratory System _____7. Moves the body. G) Nervous System _____8. Skin that protects body. H) Muscular System _____9. Breaks food down into nutrients. I) Digestive System _____10. Produces offspring. J) Reproductive Sys. _____11. Removes wastes from the body. K) Integumentary Sys. C E F B D G H K I J A

41. Kingdoms No cell walls Live in extreme environments Prokaryotic Take in food Unicellular Prokaryotic No cell walls Unicellular Take in food Bacteria in soil, bacteria that cause disease Unicellular or simple multicellular Some make food; some take in food May have cell walls Amoebas, slime molds, euglena, algae Eukaryote Yeast, molds, mushrooms Absorb food Mainly multicellular Cell walls Eukaryote Complex multicellular Cell walls Eukaryote Make food Mosses, ferns, grasses, trees Invertebrates such as sponges and worms; vertebrates such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammels. Complex multicellular No cell walls Eukaryote Eat food