Kansas State Science Assessment Review Life science component

1. Kansas State Science Assessment ReviewLife science component

2. Review of Cell Functions • Parts of cell - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/26862-simply-science-summary-of-cell-functions-video.htm • Enzymes/Coenzymes - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/23428-cell-enzymes-and-coenzymes-video.htm

3. Review of DNA/RNA • Chromosomes, Genes, & DNA - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6020-chromosomes-genes-and-dna-video.htm • Genes & DNA Review (shorter) - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/10624-genes-and-dna-review-video.htm

4. Review of Heredity • Punnett Square - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25459-genetics-and-heredity-punnett-square-video.htm

5. Review of Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis & Cell Energy - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/23426-cell-photosynthesis-and-cellular-energy-video.htm

6. Review of ATP • ATP in Mitochondria - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_8aYKcQZ_Q&feature=related • Where do we get chemical energy that our bodies can use? • FOOD

7. Review of Animal Behavior & Response • Is each behavior INNATE or LEARNED? • When you touch a hot object you pull your hand away • A puppies ability to chew • A dog lying down on cue • Babies sucking their thumb • Throwing a temper tantrum when you don’t get your way INNATE INNATE LEARNED INNATE LEARNED

8. Review of Homeostasis • Definition - The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. • Examples: sweating, panting, heart rate, temperature

9. Review of Life Cycles • Metamorphosis of Amphibians - http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/17667-animals-with-backbones-the-life-cycle-of-amphibians-video.htm

10. Review of Geologic Time Scale

11. Question #1 Large scale clear-cutting of forests near a heavily populated area would most likely result in a local increase in which atmospheric gas? • Oxygen • Sulfur dioxide • Nitrogen • Carbon dioxide

12. Question #2 Scientific evidence indicates that the concentration of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere increased dramatically approximately 2 billion years ago. Which event most closely coincides with this change in Earth’s atmosphere? • Mammals appeared on land • Volcanic outgassing increased • Decay of organic matter increased • Photosynthetic organisms appeared

13. Question #3 Which is the most learned and the least innate in male sparrows? • Singing patterns • Coloration of feathers • Location of food sources • Aggression during mating season

14. Question #4 What is the primary form in which energy is first taken in by plants and the primary form in which energy is first taken in by animals? • Plants: chemical energy, Animals: heat energy • Plants: light energy, Animals: chemical energy • Plants: heat energy, Animals: mechanical energy • Plants: electromagnetic energy, Animals: mechanical energy

15. Question #5 A desert ecosystem gets two years of above average rainfall. As a result, there is more vegetation than normal. Which effect on the desert ecosystem is most likely? • Carnivore populations will decrease as plants change landscape • Some animal species will go extinct as the plants take up more space • Herbivore populations will increase with more plants available • Animal populations will remain constant as plant populations increase independently

16. Question #6 Which process in the water cycle directly increases in rate as the intensity of infrared solar radiation increases in an area? • Runoff • Evaporation • Precipitation • Condensation

17. Question #7 Which trait is most likely a result of artificial selection? • Thick fur on a polar bear • Green color of a tree snake • Hollow bones of most birds • Short legs on some dog breeds

18. Question #8 During an investigation, tall pea plants were crossed with short pea plants. All of the offspring from this cross were tall. Which term best describes the tall trait for the pea plants? • Linked • Dominant • Recessive • Co-dominant

19. Question #9 What are the individual strands of supercoiled DNA that are present during cell division? • Genes • Proteins • Nucleotides • Chromosomes

20. Question #10 Cells store energy in the phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Which best describes the type f energy stored in the bonds of an ATP molecule? • Nuclear Energy • Chemical Energy • Electrical Energy • Mechanical Energy

21. Question #11 Which statement best describes why the cells that develop from a single fertilized egg can have different forms and functions? • The DNA sequences are different in each type of cell • Selective parts of DNA are expressed in each type of cell • The DNA becomes more complex as each type of cell develops • Unnecessary parts of DNA are destroyed as each type of cell develops

22. Question #12 Which best describes a permanent change in the genetic code in the cell of an organism? • Mutation • Replication • Translation • Degeneration

23. Question #13 Evolutionary studies suggest that mammalian lungs and fish swim bladders evolved from the same structure. Which term best describes the relationship between the mammalian lung and the fish swim bladder? • Vestigial Structures • Analogous Structures • Homologous Structures • Heterozygous Structures

24. Question #14 Which process is least likely to lead to the formation of a new species? • Random Mating • Genetic Mutation • Ecological Succession • Geographic Separation

25. Question #15 Which will most likely happen when environmental conditions change over time faster than a species can adapt? • The species will become extinct • The species will undergo random mutations • Individual organisms in the species will have reduced fertility • Individual organisms in the species will develop new adaptations

26. Question #16 Which substance is a reactant in the cellular respiration process and a product in the photosynthesis process? • Water (H2O) • Oxygen (O2) • Methane (CH4) • Carbon dioxide (CO2)

27. Question #17 Which factor is most important in determining the carrying capacity of a plant population in an area? • Number of animal species • Availability of soil nutrients • Timing of animal migrations • Frequency of natural disasters

28. Question #18 Which uses solar energy to synthesize food? • Virus • Algae • Yeast • Paramecia

29. Question #19 Which equation shows the relationship between adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and phosphate (P) when a demand for energy occurs within a cell? • ATP + energy  ATP + P • ADP  ATP + P + energy • ATP + energy  ADP + P • ATP  ADP + P + energy

30. Question #20 Which is not an example of an animal’s behavioral response to cold weather? • A robin laying eggs in a nest • A caribou migrating southward • A snake sunning itself on a rock • A chipmunk storing food in its burrow

31. Question #21 Exercise causes the body to produce excess heat. Which physical reaction maintains homeostasis during exercise? • Decreasing the heart rate • Decreasing the respiration rate • Increasing blood flow to the skin • Increasing blood flow to the brain

32. Question #22 Which organism goes through incomplete metamorphosis during its life cycle? • Bird • Frog • Butterfly • Grasshopper