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Biodiversity

Biodiversity. Biodiversity. Variety of living things, number of kinds Ecological diversity different habitats, niches, species interactions Species diversity different kinds of organisms, relationships among species Genetic diversity

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Biodiversity

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  1. Biodiversity

  2. Biodiversity • Variety of living things, number of kinds • Ecological diversity • different habitats, niches, species interactions • Species diversity • different kinds of organisms, relationships among species • Genetic diversity • different genes & combinations of genes within populations

  3. Benefits of Biodiversity • Ecosystem functions • Ecosystem services • Cleaning water, • Cleaning air, • Habitat & breeding areas for wildlife, … • Aesthetic and cultural benefits

  4. Natural Resources • Vital economic natural resources • Renewable • Forests (plants, wildlife) • Soils • Fresh water (lakes, rivers) • Wildlife and fisheries • Rangeland • Nonrenewable • Minerals • Fossil Fuels

  5. Natural Resources • Management of natural resources • Assure availability of resources for the future • Three “philosophies” • Maximum sustained yield • Ecosystem-based management • Adaptive management

  6. Benefits of Biodiversity • New food sources • Grains, fruits, vegetables, meat, fish

  7. Benefits of Biodiversity • Medicines • Plants • Jellyfish & sea anemones • Nudibranchs • Marine slugs

  8. Biodiversity • How much biodiversity • 1.7—2.0 million species • Estimates to 100 million

  9. Biodiversity • Where is the biodiversity • Everywhere • Every continent and habitat has unique life forms • Concentrated in the tropics • Panama: > 500 species of breeding birds • Arctic: 50-100 species • Dense concentrations

  10. Threats to Biodiversity • Extinction and population reductions • Hunting and overharvesting • Tiger • Dodo • Whales • Sharks • Habitat loss

  11. Threats to Biodiversity • Extinction and population reductions • Pollution • Climate change • Invasive species

  12. Protecting Biodiversity • How can we protect biodiversity • Stop overharvesting • Sustainable yield • Hunting & fishing laws (every state ?) • in developing nations ? • Protect habitat • Refuges, parks, preserves • Endangered Species Act

  13. Protecting Biodiversity • Refuges, parks, reserves • How big should refuges be? • Where should they be? • McArthur & Wilson “Theory of Island Biogeography” • colonization rate • extinction rate (local) • predicts number of species

  14. Protecting Biodiversity • Endangered Species Act (1973) • Goal to “recover” species so they no longer need protection under ESA • Implements U.S. participation in CITES • “Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species” • Prohibits trade in listed species • whole organisms • parts: skins, bones, teeth, flowers, leaves, etc. • Other laws: • Marine Mammal Protection Act • Migratory Bird Treaty Act • Anadromous Fish Conservation Act • etc.

  15. Protecting Biodiversity • Endangered Species Act (1973) • Listing of “endangered” and “threatened” species • Restricts development of habitats • Captive breeding programs • Release of captive bred stocks to enhance or recover wild populations.

  16. Protecting Biodiversity • Biodiversity “hotspots” • Protection of habitat

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