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Smart Climate Controller Project: Protecting Unattended Passengers from Extreme Temperatures

The Smart Climate Controller (SCC) is designed to safeguard unattended passengers in vehicles from extreme heat, which claims the lives of about 30 children annually. By automatically monitoring CO2 levels and temperature, the SCC engages the vehicle's climate control system when necessary. Key features include automatic activation via the vehicle key, real-time monitoring, and simple, cost-effective components. This innovative solution ensures safety for children, pets, and vulnerable individuals by securing the vehicle and regulating the internal environment efficiently.

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Smart Climate Controller Project: Protecting Unattended Passengers from Extreme Temperatures

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  1. Smart Climate ControllerSCC Project 6 Robin O ECE445 Senior Design July 15, 2005

  2. Introduction

  3. Background • About 30 children die each year from heat and entrapment • A child’s body temperature can increase 3-5 times faster than an adult’s • While it is 93°F outside, the inside of a vehicle can reach 120°F in 20 minutes and 140°F in 40 minutes even with a cracked window *Based on findings from Safe Kids Worldwide

  4. Objective

  5. Objective • To create a basis for an automatic climate control system in vehicles to protect unattended passengers from extreme temperatures

  6. Features • Automatically engages/disengages via vehicle key • Uses CO2 sensor for more accurate decisions (350-5000 ppmCO2) • Constantly monitors temperature and adjusts accordingly • Simple and inexpensive components and circuitry

  7. Benefits • Protects children, the disabled, elders, valued animals and or pets • Takes vehicle security precautions by locking doors and closing windows • Fully automated and easily disengaged • Simple and cost efficient

  8. Design Review

  9. Block Diagram

  10. Execution • Emulates driver’s key in or out of the ignition • SCC engages when key is out of the ignition • SCC disengages when key is inserted into the ignition

  11. Sensor Circuits • Senses both the CO2 concentration levels and the temperature inside the vehicle • Temperature sensor detects 60°F and 70°F • CO2 detects any increase in concentration levels (at least 350 ppm minimum)

  12. Microcontroller • Monitors both the CO2 concentration levels and the temperature inside the vehicle • Begins monitoring temperature when CO2 level rises, or when a passenger has been detected • Begins cooling when temperature rises above 70°F, stops cooling below 60°F

  13. Operations • Emulates the ignition, air-conditioning, power door locks, and the power windows • Consists of an array of LEDs

  14. Software

  15. Circuit Schematic

  16. Environment Volume I Volume II 12”x12”x6” 864 cubic inches 20”x12”x11” 2640 cubic inches

  17. Environment Volume I Volume II 12”x12”x6” 864 cubic inches 20”x12”x11” 2640 cubic inches

  18. Project Build & Functional Tests

  19. Components • Microcontroller: Microchip PIC16F877A • CO2 Sensor: Figaro Engineering TGS4161 • Temperature Sensor: National Instruments LM19CIZ

  20. CO2 Sensor The Figaro TGS4161 CO2 Sensor

  21. CO2 Sensor

  22. CO2 Sensor CO2 Sensor Ranges

  23. CO2 Sensor

  24. CO2 Sensor

  25. CO2 Sensor

  26. CO2 Sensor

  27. CO2 Sensor

  28. CO2 Sensor

  29. Temperature Sensor

  30. CO2 Sensor/Microcontroller/Emulation

  31. Temperature Sensor/Execution Switch

  32. Testing Environment

  33. Build Results/Functionality • Once completed, the SCC was able to: • Turn on via the key emulator switch • Detect at least a 87.06ppm increase in CO2 • Detect when the temperature rises above 79.5°F • Begin a sequence of events to turn on the ignition, the A/C, lock the doors, and to roll up the windows • Detect when the temperature falls below 79.5°F • Turn on the A/C when the temperature was above 79.5°F and to turn off the A/C when the temperature was below 79.5°F

  34. Scaling & Approximating *According to Family Practice Notebook, LLC

  35. Scaling & Approximating *Using Vital Lung Capacity (L) = 0.041h – 0.018 a – 2.69 where h is height (cm) and a is age (yrs) from regentsprep.org **Results here shown using average male height of 69.1in. and average female height of 63.7in. and 45 years as an average adult age according to pediatrics.about.com

  36. Scaling & Approximating

  37. Scaling & Approximating: Results • A 4 year old child would be detected after approximately 276 breaths have been taken in mid-sized sedan with about 172,800 cubic inches of interior volume • This is about 6.9 minutes after the car has been turned off

  38. Recommendations

  39. Assumptions • Vehicle requires power door locks and power windows • Vehicle needs to have an automatic transmission • The key will not be left in the ignition without the engine running • There is always sufficient gas • The passenger, if under age, will not attempt to drive the car once the ignition is on

  40. Room For Expansion • Application of the SCC to cold weather using the heater • Application of the SCC to homes or other housing types with multiple rooms for energy and cost efficiency

  41. Credits To… • Professor Gary Swenson • Professor Scott Carney • Professor Jennifer Bernhard • Tim O’Connell • Alex Spektor

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