Canada's Identity Crisis: 1970-1982 - The October Crisis and Its Impact

1. Chapter 15 Canada’s Changing Identity Important terms and Concepts Pick up worksheets

2. Chapter 15 Highlights • Unit 6 1970-1982 opens with the October Crisis of 1970 which draws students into the tumultuous years from 1970-1982. Canada is faced with pressing issues about unity and National Identity. • Chapter 15 focuses on the central issues of French/English relations. • The careful analysis of constitutional and legal issues is pursued. • In addition, the rapidly changing nature of immigration and Canada’s commitment to multiculturalism.

3. Unit 6 1970-1982 notes • 1. PowerPoint’s will be available on the BB. • 2. Notes/Terms that are not completed in class can be done by reviewing the PowerPoint’s on the BB. • 3. The Student Worksheet booklet will not be taken home but you may take additional notes or study directly from the PowerPoint’s and Textbook work. • 4. It is to your advantage to complete the Student Worksheets, as you will be able to use them for the Unit Test!!!

4. October Crisis • Def.- Crisis in Quebec in October 1970, during which members of the radical separatist organization the FLQ kidnapped and murdered Quebec Labour Minister PierrerLaporte and kidnapped British Trade commissioner James Cross. • HS- The Canadian government invoked the War Measures act to deal with the crisis. This was the first time the act was ever invoked in peacetime; the incident shocked Canadians.

5. Bill 22 • Def- proclaimed French the official language of civil service in Quebec and limited parents’ right to choose the language of education for their children. • HS-widely criticized by non-French Quebeckers and especially by recent immigrants because it limited their right to choose language in which services were provided such as education and civil services

6. Bill 101 • Def- Controversial Bill that went further than Bill 22. More restrictions were placed on languages other than French. • HS- French was to be used in government, courts and no business could display a sign in a language other than French

7. Quebec Teen and Bill 101

8. Alliance Quebec • Def- an organization of English-speaking Quebeckers and recent immigrants who were outraged by Bill 101 • HS- The Alliance tried to challenge Bill 101 in courts; later on the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that Bill 101 violated the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

9. Sovereignty Association • Def- means Quebec would be politically independent but still have close economic ties with Canada • HS-Levesque proposed this because he knew that only a minority wanted outright independence from Canada

10. 1980 Referendum • Def- a vote in Quebec on the issue of sovereignty association • HS- Even though 60% of the record turnout voted against sovereignty association, the issue would continue to erupt during the remainder of the 20th century

11. Trudeau 1980 Referendum

12. Constitution Act 1982 • Def- replaces the BNA and gives us the Canadian Charter of Rights and freedoms and a mechanism for amending the constitution • HS-with the passage of this legislation, Canada’s status as a fully independent nation was recognized

13. Charter of Rights and Freedoms • Def- a formal, written addition to Canada’s constitution that guarantees the democratic, civil and legal rights of Canadians • HS- the tenets of the Charter are the foundation of Canadian law

14. For the rest of class/homework • 1. Read P. 368-369 “The October Crisis” and complete corresponding questions • 2. To look at the human side of this emotional event we can look at Pierre Laporte’s letter to Robert Bourassa which provides a primary source document that will deepen your understanding of this political crisis • 3. Read P. 374-375 and complete Thinking about Referenda worksheet