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Comprehensive Social Policies for a Globalizing World

Comprehensive Social Policies for a Globalizing World. Timo Voipio, ISSA & OECD-POVNET. ISSA: Themes the ISSA ‘Policy Analysis Unit ’ wishes to cooperate with you on: . Regular monitoring of major trends in social security worldwide

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Comprehensive Social Policies for a Globalizing World

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  1. Comprehensive Social Policies for a Globalizing World Timo Voipio, ISSA & OECD-POVNET Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  2. ISSA: Themes the ISSA ‘Policy Analysis Unit’ wishes to cooperate with you on: • Regular monitoring of major trends in social security worldwide • Identifying and analyzing forthcoming social security challenges • Establishing a ‘Task Force’ on the extension of social security coverage to those not covered… • Raising the profile of social security at the international level ISSA • AISS • IVSS

  3. Disclaimer: ‘BRAINSTORMING’, not official policies of my employers: • MFA-Finland, Helsinki  Aug-07 • ISSA =International Social Security Association, Geneva Sep-07 Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  4. Ideas from several interlinked processes UN – DW in ECOSOC & CSocD + Soc.dim. NEPAD - DESA Guides + UNDP/ILO + ’OneUN’ AU/SADC – Social & Empl. Policy Frameworks National DevPlans/ PRSs OECD-POVNET/PPG (SocProt & Empow + Empl & LabMkts) Kellokoski/UNRISD Helsinki-process Realizing Rights ICSW / ISSA GASPP / UNU-CRIS WIDER / SDAN EU: Decent Work Comm&Concl.& Conf & EurParlament DG-DEV: Empl&Dev + SocProt&Dev WB - SocDevt/Arusha - SocProt + LabMkt - TFESSD + WBI - WB/ILO

  5. OECD-DAC POVNET Task Team on Social Protection and Empowerment (TT-SP)  will also need RC19 Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  6. EU (EC + MS): Decent Work1) Employment & DevtCoop 06-072) SocProt & DevtCoop 07-08 25-26 Oct Brussels Good topics of research for RC19 Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  7. International Actors’ approaches to GlobSocPol:www.stakes.fi/social-policies-for-development (2007)

  8. ’Back to Copenhagen (& Rio)’www.stakes.fi/social-policies-for-development KELLOKOSKI + STOCKHOLM, NOV-06 & UN-CSocD, Feb-07: • NORDICS + TZ + RSA • DFID + GTZ + EC + AU • UN-DESA & UNRISD • ILO & ISSA • UNDP & UNICEF • WB/SOC.DEV • GASPP/CODESRIA/ RHODES/IDEAs • ICSW & HELPAGE

  9. Aid + ANNEX: Johannesburg Ministerial Declaration and Draft Strategy: TOWARDS AFRICAN REGIONAL SOCIAL POLICIES Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  10. Copenhagen Social Summit-95: Comprehensive Soc.Policies FULL SOCIAL PRO- INTEGRATION / DUCTIVE Equity (= Incl+Prot) EMPLOY- ’People-centred d.’ MENT ’Society for all’ POVERTY REDUCTION Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  11. Focus of global ODA-efforts since Copenhagen: PovRed FULL SOCIAL PRO-INTEGRATION / DUCTIVEEquity(= Incl+Prot) EMPLOY- MENT POVERTY REDUCTION ~ USD1/day Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  12. UN Summit-05 + ECOSOC-06 + CSocD-07 + OECD-POVNET + WB + EU + AUDecent Work for All EMPLOY- SOCIAL MENTPROTECTION / Equity INCLUSION Pro-Poor… People-centred POVERTY REDUCTION Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  13. UN/ILO/EU: Decent Work Country Programmes (DWCP) SOCIAL DIALOGUE Building social concensus on major policy lines e.g. through tripartite negotiations. RIGHTS Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work e.g. ILO-Conventions EMPLOY-MENT Enabling environment, Entrepreneurship, Employability, Skills, Productivity, Competivity SOCIAL PRO-TECTION Extending social security and protection to all, incl. those in the informal sector + Gender Equality cross-cutting all…  DWCP to be part of national PRSs

  14. DECENT WORK FOR ALL = Good, coherence-enhancing concept, bridging the ECON/SOC divide Employment generation & entre- preneurship • SOCIAL • rights • protection • dialogue • & gender equality Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  15. We are all committed to: Rio-1992 Sustainable dev’t =balanced dev’t ECONOMIC SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  16. So, IDEAL: Comprehensive Social Policy Employment, entrepreneur- ship, skills, finance, mkts • SOCIAL • security & protection • inclusion & dialogue • rights & equality, • incl. gender equality Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  17. BUT: In reality, in country level work, the economic perspective (growth & efficiency) dominates. Why? SOCIAL ECONOMIC Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  18. Part of the reason is the imbalance between the WB(& IMF) vs. UN at country level UN WB (& IMF) Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  19. In principle, both WB & UN should promote a balanced sustainable dev’t agenda onRIGHTS/SOCIAL JUSTICE WB & UN: ECONOMIC UN + WB: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  20. Within WB the ECON dominates over the SOC: The WB has 10.000 economists & only few hundred non-economists WB non- economists WB economists Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  21. Equally, at the national level there should be a balance between the ’ECONOMIC’ and ’SOCIAL’ ministries & civil society representatives Min. of Finance, Central Bank, Business & Empl. associations Min.of Social & Labour, unions, consumers Min.of Env / Agric. / Natural resources Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  22. But: Often the ECON perspective gets a priority in national policy making Min.of Social & Labour, unions, consumers Min. of Finance, Central Bank, Business & Empl. associations Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  23. Economists dominate in development policy over sociologists and other ’non-economic social scientists’ ’Fragmented’ non-economic social scientists’ (e.g. RC19 & co) (Well-disciplined) Economists Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  24. And: Among the WB-economists one school of thinking dominates over alternatives Labour economists & industrial policy, etc. Orthodox ’neo-liberal’ macro economists Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  25. A key additional factor: Bilaterals strongly aligning to the WB-dominated dev’t agenda UN: grants outside the BS-frame WB-loans + Bilaterals’ grants: PRSP + Budget support Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  26. An additional factor: Fragmented UN UNDP Unicef Habitat Unifem WFP ILO IMF & World Bank & Bilaterals  economic policy WHO UN-Aids UN: Fragmented social policy Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  27. Fragmented UN leads to fragmented national social policies UNDP + PMO Unicef + Min.of Children & Women Habitat + Min.of Housing Unifem + Women’s Office WFP + Min.of Agric. ILO + Min.of Labour WB + Min.of Finance & IMF + Central Bank WHO + Min.of Health UN-Aids + National Aids Council UN: Fragmented social policy Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  28. E.g. the ILO has a great Agenda, but very little Money for TC, and only thin country presence • ILO • TC-budgets • country presence Decent Work for All

  29. Efforts to improve the ECON/SOC balance:UN-Reform(at global and national levels) WB + IMF + bilaterals ’One UN’ + WB + bilaterals Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  30. Efforts to improve the ECON/SOC balance (e.g. Nordic TF-ESSD in WB) UNDP Unicef Habitat Unifem WFP ILO IMF & World Bank - economic policy WB/SD WB/ SD+SP UN-Aids WHO Networked UN + WB into social policy WB/SP Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  31. WB/SD: Arusha Declaration Dec-05: New Frontiers of SocPol -1 • Transformation of subjects and beneficiaries into citizens  universal rights & responsibilities  Middle-class by-in: Build alliances between the poor and the not-so-poor • Role of State: effective & accountable  Recognizing power relations & institutions • Capacity of states  revenue mobilization Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  32. WB/SD: Arusha Declaration Dec-05: New Frontiers of SocPol -2 • Social dimension/Equity in infra, utilities, social services: educ/health/SP • Market access for the poor • Fiscal policies • Migration (internal/external) • Citizens organizations/social partners • Understanding history, culture, etc. • Social Policy at all levels: local, national, global • Multi-disciplinarity Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  33. WB/SD: Arusha  BUT: 1) DISSATISFACTION: Why only US-/UK-experts? For a conference in Africa? Why were African, European, Nordic, UN voices not listened to?  GSP-Journal + Kellokoski event 2) LITTLE PROGRESS WITHIN THE WORLD BANK  Arusha ”fading away”??  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MERGED INTO INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT  ”SOCIAL DEV’T” ”SOC.PROTECTION” Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  34. Kellokoski  UN CSocD • Aid Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  35. Kellokoski + UN + ILO + AU + EU: Comprehensive Social Policies ? 1) Employment, (incl. entrepreneurship & employability) 2) Education 3) Health ( = the basic social services) 4) Social Protection 5) Disadvantaged groups: youth, old, PWD, etc. 6) Equity-orientation, social inclusion, dialogue, SRM, accountability in all policies and all governance, including taxation. 7) PSIA of all policies and governance, incl taxation 8) Multi-disciplinarity Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  36. United Nations (DESA) Policy Guidance Notes For ”More ambitious Nat’l Dev’t Strategies” 1) Macroeconomics and Growth 2) Financial Policies 3) Public Investment Management 4) Technology Policy 5) Social Policy ( including ‘Employment’) 6) Trade Policy  Constructive alternative to WB’s PRS Sourcebook  Regional & national tailoring, translation, dissemination, training  Multi-donor trust fund? (~ or: Good ideas fly ??)

  37. 2) AU Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  38. POVNET Task Team on Social Protection and Empowerment (TT-SPE). History and challenges ahead Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  39. SocProt professionals need to realize:Donor governments not yet convincedabout SocProt(except DFID, GTZ, Portugal ?) Evidence & arguments needed ! Data alone will not do the convincing Demand from South is key! Capacity bldg for champions of SP Ministries/research/SocPartners/PMS Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  40. OECD-DACPoverty Reduction Network POVNET • Phase-1 1998-2001: DAC Poverty Reduction Guidelines Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  41. POVERTY is multi-dimensional (DAC-01) SECURITYrisk, vulnerability social protection/ social risk management (SRM) ECONOMICconsumptionincome assets POLITICALrights freedoms voice & influence GENDER + ENVIRON-MENT HUMAN healtheducationhunger, thirst SOCIO-CULTURALstatusrespect, dignity

  42. Social Security/Protection one key dimension PROTECTIVErisk, vulnerability social protection/ social risk management (SRM) ECONOMICconsumptionincome assets POLITICALrights freedoms voice & influence GENDER + ENVIRON-MENT HUMAN healtheducationhunger, thirst SOCIO-CULTURALstatusrespect, dignity

  43. Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  44. ~ ’Growth First’ vs. ’People First’ ?? SECURITYrisk, vulnerability social protection/ social risk management (SRM) ECONOMICconsumptionincome assets POLITICALrights freedoms voice & influence GENDER + ENVIRON-MENT HUMAN healtheducationhunger, thirst SOCIO-CULTURALstatusrespect, dignity

  45. Hot debates & consensus-building Neo- liberals Social dev’t Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  46. Hot debates PACE of Growth? PATTERN of Growth?  Compromise… Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  47. Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  48. Private Sector Infra- structure Agri- culture Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  49. Consensus-1: Risk & Vulnerabilitylimit the participation and contribution of the poor people to growth,e.g. in agriculture and PSD Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

  50. Consensus-2: Lack of reliable Social Protectionis a major barrier to contributions by the poor to the growth proces. Timo Voipio, International Social Security Association (ISSA) voipio@ilo.org

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