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Chapter 19

Chapter 19. Section 1; The Road to War. Ottoman Empire Russia Greece Switzerland Italy France Spain UK/Britain Romania Austria-Hungary Serbia Bulgaria Germany. J. L. F. I. G. E. D. H. B. K. C. M. A.

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Chapter 19

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  1. Chapter 19 Section 1; The Road to War

  2. Ottoman EmpireRussia Greece Switzerland Italy France Spain UK/Britain Romania Austria-Hungary Serbia Bulgaria Germany J L F I G E D H B K C M A

  3. A. Assassination of Austro-Hungarian Prince Archduke Francis Ferdinand (6/28/1914)

  4. I. Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

  5. II. Beginnings of the war A. Dividing up the sides • CentralPowers: Germany and Austria-Hungary • Allies: Russia, France, Serbia, and Great Britain

  6. B. Mobilization – countries began to move troops to prepare for war • Germany moves into Belgium and France (August 1914) • Trenchwarfare resulted in a stalemate

  7. E. In 1914 Turkey and Bulgaria joined the CENTRAL powers while Italy and Romania joined the ALLIES

  8. III. American response to the war • Americans were divided over who to support in the war • The autocrat, Kaiser Wilhelm II, of Germany hated democracy and pushed Americans toward support of the Allies

  9. C. American Neutrality D. The Preparedness Movement E. The Peace Movement

  10. IV. Reasons for America joining the war • The German U-boat war • Sinking of the Lusitania • The Zimmermann Note • The Russian Revolution (March 1916) Russia drops out, 1917

  11. V. Woodrow Wilsondeclares war • Had been reelected on the platform “he kept us out of war” (1916) • Wanted American neutrality and freedom of the seas • Forced to declare war (April 1917) after 5 ships sank in 9 days • “Make the world safe for democracy”

  12. Americans on the Home Front

  13. I. Preparing for war A. Americans were excited to fight the ‘war to end all wars’

  14. B. The American Army was not prepared • The Selective Service Act • Formed the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • Placed John “Blackjack” Pershing in charge of the U.S. forces

  15. VII. Americans in war • American troops were quickly trained • Traveled to Europe by the convoy system

  16. C. The Doughboys turned the tide of the war • American soldiers were stronger, healthier, and more excited than the Europeans • The American troops saved Paris • Broke the stalemate on the Western Front

  17. VIII. Advances in war technology • Barbed wire • Chemical warfare (mustard gas, gas masks, etc.) • Tanks • Airplanes • Trench warfare

  18. Americans on the Home Front

  19. IX. Financingthe war • The American government had to find a way to pay for the war • LibertyBonds

  20. X. Managing the Economy • American govt and the public had to work together to provide for army • Government regulation of what was to be produced • Government regulation on consumption (rationing) • Hoover’s Food Admin. Established price controls

  21. XI. Enforcing Loyalty • All countries established propaganda programs • Fear of foreigners • “Hate the Hun!”

  22. Global Peacemaker

  23. XII. Results of the war • 11th hour, 11thday, 11th month: armistice day • 50,000 American soldiers died in battle • Almost 10 million total deaths

  24. XIII. Wilson’s Fourteen Points A. Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of the war

  25. B. Key provisions • Self-determination • Freedom of the seas • League of Nations • Mandate system

  26. Self determination – nations have the right to determine their own type of govt • Freedom of the seas – nations can trade freely on seas • League of nations – peace keeping organization to prevent future global wars • Mandate system – system in which countries help others rebuild after war

  27. XIV. The Paris Peace Conference A. Leaders of the Allies meet together to discuss peace • Britain; David Lloyd George • France; Georges Clemenceau • Italy; Vittorio Orlando • United State; Woodrow Wilson

  28. B. Wilson wanted peace; others wanted to make Germany pay for the war (reparations)

  29. XV. The Treaty of Versailles (5/7/1919) • Germany was forced to accept full guilt for the war • National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations

  30. C. A League of Nations was created • Accepted by the European nations • U.S. did not join because of Congress’ rejection • Feared giving control to an international organization • The Senate had not approved of the Treaty of Versailles

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