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INDOOR AIR QUALITY

INDOOR AIR QUALITY. PRESENTED BY KENNETH F. ROBERTS, CIH, CSP. UNDERSTANDING IAQ. HEALTH EFFECTS CAUSATIVE AGENTS SOURCES CONTROL METHODOLOGIES LEGISLATION. HEALTH EFFECTS. HEALTH EFFECTS. SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) VS BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI). HEALTH EFFECTS.

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INDOOR AIR QUALITY

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  1. INDOOR AIR QUALITY PRESENTED BY KENNETH F. ROBERTS, CIH, CSP

  2. UNDERSTANDING IAQ • HEALTH EFFECTS • CAUSATIVE AGENTS • SOURCES • CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • LEGISLATION

  3. HEALTH EFFECTS

  4. HEALTH EFFECTS SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) VS BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI)

  5. HEALTH EFFECTS • SICK BUILDING SYNDROME • A PERSISTENT SET OF SYMPTOMS IN > 20% • CAUSE(S) NOT RECOGNIZABLE • COMPLAINTS/SYMPTOMS RELIEVED AFTER EXITING BUILDING

  6. HEALTH EFFECTS • SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) • EYE, NOSE, OR THROAT IRRITATION • HEADACHES • FATIGUE • REDUCED MENTATION • IRRITABILITY

  7. HEALTH EFFECTS • SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) • DRY SKIN • NASAL CONGESTION • DIFFICULTY BREATHING • NOSE BLEEDS • NAUSEA

  8. HEALTH EFFECTS • BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS • CLINICALLY RECOGNIZED DISEASE • EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS • RECOGNIZABLE CAUSES

  9. HEALTH EFFECTS • BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI) • PONTIAC FEVER - LEGIONELLA spp. • LEGIONNAIRE’S DISEASE • HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS • HUMIDIFIER FEVER

  10. HEALTH EFFECTS • BUILDING RELATED ILLNESS (BRI) • ASTHMA • ALLERGY • RESPIRATORY DISEASE • CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

  11. CAUSATIVE AGENTS

  12. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPES • COMBUSTION PRODUCTS • VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES • RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES • RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS • BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS • RADIONUCLIDES • ODORS

  13. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • COMBUSTION PRODUCTS • CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) • OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOX) • OXIDES OF SULFUR (SOX) • CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) • POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBON’S (PAH) • TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

  14. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS • ALCOHOLS - ISOPROPANOL • ALDEHYDES - FORMALDEHYDE • ALIPHATICS - CYCLOHEXANE • AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS - 4PC • ESTERS - ETHYL ACETATE • HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS - TCE

  15. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES • ASBESTOS • CHRYSOTILE • AMOSITE • CROCIDOLITE • FIBERGLASS • INORGANIC DUSTS (MINERAL)

  16. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES • METALLIC DUSTS • LEAD • ORGANIC DUSTS • PAPER DUSTS • POLLEN

  17. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS • WATER VAPOR • CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) • ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS • TOBACCO SMOKE COMPONENTS

  18. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS • MOLDS & FUNGI • BACTERIA • PROTOZOA • VIRUSES

  19. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • RADIONUCLIDES • RADON • RADON PROGENY (DAUGHTERS)

  20. CAUSATIVE AGENTS • ODORS • ODORS ASSOCIATED WITH ANY INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANT TYPE • INDEPENDENTLY • IN COMBINATION

  21. SOURCES

  22. SOURCES • COMBUSTION PRODUCTS • KEROSENE HEATERS • LOADING DOCKS • WOOD STOVES/UNVENTED GAS STOVES • NEARBY TRAFFIC

  23. SOURCES • VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES • ADHESIVES & CAULKING COMPOUNDS • CARPETING & DRAPERY • PARTICLE BOARD

  24. SOURCES • VOLATILE CHEMICALS & MIXTURES • FLOOR & WALL COVERINGS • PAINTS, VARNISHES AND STAINS • UPHOLSTERY

  25. SOURCES • RESPIRABLE PARTICULATES • ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS) • CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS • OUTDOOR AIR • PLANTS & PLANT PARTS • PRODUCTION PROCESSES

  26. SOURCES • PARTICULATE PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE 4-AMINOBIPHENYL NICKEL ANATABINE NICOTINE ANILINE PHENOL BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE POLONIUM-210 BENZ[A]PYRENE QUINOLINE BENZOIC ACID SUCCINIC ACID BUTYROLACTONE 2-TOLUIDINE NITROSODIETHANOLAMINE CADMIUM

  27. SOURCES • VAPOR PHASE OF CIGARETTE SMOKE HYDROGEN CYANIDE ACETALDEHYDE ACETONE ACROLEIN 1,3-BUTADIENE BENZENE CARBON MONOXIDE FORMALDEHYDE DIMETHYLAMINE HYDRAZINE CARBONYL SULFIDE ETHANE METHYL CHLORIDE PYRIDINE AMMONIA FORMIC ACID

  28. SOURCES • RESPIRATORY PRODUCTS • PEOPLE • PLANTS

  29. SOURCES • BIOLOGICS & BIOAEROSOLS • HVAC SYSTEMS • COOLING TOWERS • HUMANS/ANIMALS • STAGNANT WATER RESERVOIRS • HUMIDIFIERS

  30. SOURCES • RADIONUCLIDES (RADON - 222Rn) • SOIL • WATER • BUILDING MATERIALS • NATURAL GAS

  31. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES

  32. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • PREVENTING IAQ PROBLEMS • SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING • EQUIPMENT • HUMAN ACTIVITIES • BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS • OTHER SOURCES • VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS • OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

  33. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING • CONTAMINATED OUTDOOR AIR • POLLEN, DUST, FUNGI • INDUSTRIAL POLLUTANTS • GENERAL VEHICLE EXHAUST

  34. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING • EMISSIONS FROM NEARBY SOURCES • PARKING LOTS/GARAGES • LOADING DOCKS/DUMPSTERS • RE-ENTRAINED BUILDING EXHAUST • LOCATION OF SUPPLY INTAKES

  35. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING • SOIL GAS • RADON • UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (LEAKING) • LANDFILL • PESTICIDE APPLICATION

  36. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • SOURCES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING • STANDING WATER • ROOFTOPS • CRAWLSPACES

  37. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • EQUIPMENT • HVAC SYSTEM • DUST/DIRT/GROWTH IN DUCTS • GROWTH IN DRIP PANS • IMPROPER USE OF BIOCIDES • IMPROPER VENTING

  38. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • EQUIPMENT • NON-HVAC EQUIPMENT • EMISSIONS FROM OFFICE EQUIPMENT • SUPPLIES (SOLVENTS, TONERS, ETC.) • EMISSIONS FROM LABS, CLEANING • OTHER MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

  39. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • HUMAN ACTIVITIES • PERSONAL ACTIVIITES • SMOKING • COOKING • PERSONAL HYGIENE (BODY ODORS) • COSMETIC ODORS

  40. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • HUMAN ACTIVITIES • HOUSEKEEPING ACTIVIITES • CLEANING MATERIALS • CLEANING PROCEDURES • STORED SUPPLIES & TRASH • DEODORIZERS & FRAGRANCES

  41. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • HUMAN ACTIVITIES • MAINTENANCE ACTIVIITES • COOLING TOWERS • PAINTS, CAULKS, ETC. • PEST CONTROL • STORED SUPPLIES

  42. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS • LOCATIONS THAT COLLECT DUST • DAMAGED MATERIALS • UNSANITARY CONDITIONS

  43. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • BUILDING COMPONENTS & FURNISHINGS • WATER DAMAGE • DRY TRAPS - SEWER GAS • CHEMICAL RELEASE OR OFF-GASING

  44. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • OTHER SOURCES • ACCIDENTAL EVENTS • SPILLS • FLOODING • FIRE DAMAGE (PCB’S)

  45. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • OTHER SOURCES • SPECIAL USE AREAS • SMOKING LOUNGES • LABORATORIES • PRINT SHOPS • ART ROOMS - GRAPHIC DESIGN

  46. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • OTHER SOURCES • SPECIAL USE AREAS • EXERCISE ROOMS • BEAUTY SALONS • FOOD PREPARATION AREAS

  47. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • OTHER SOURCES • REDECORATING/REMODELING/REPAIR • NEW FURNISHINGS • DUST & FIBERS FROM DEMOLITION • ODORS & VOC’S (PAINT, ETC.) • MICROBIOLOGICALS FROM DEMOLITION

  48. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS • ASHRAE STANDARDS (ASHRAE 62-1989) • TEMPERATURE • RELATIVE HUMIDITY • MINIMUM OUTDOOR AIR REQUIREMENTS • CO2 LEVELS BELOW 1000 PPM

  49. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS • ENGINEERING CONTROLS • MODIFY VENTILATION SYSTEM • MODIFY PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS • FILTERS

  50. CONTROL METHODOLOGIES • VENTILATION TO MEET OCCUPANT NEEDS • ENGINEERING CONTROLS • PRECIPITATORS • ION GENERATORS • HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS

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