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Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech. • “She’s as busy as a bee.” • “Hard work is the key to success.” • “Fate tempted him.” • “I died of embarrassment.” • “After he lost the election, there was no fight left in him.”. Definition of Figures of Speech.

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Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

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  1. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech • “She’s as busy as a bee.” • “Hard work is the key to success.” • “Fate tempted him.” • “I died of embarrassment.” • “After he lost the election, there was no fight left in him.”

  2. Definition of Figures of Speech • Figures of speech are non-literal ways of saying things; that is, the words have to be interpreted in order to understand the author’s intended meaning. Literal = the basic meaning of the words without any further interpretation Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  3. Common Figures of Speech In this chapter, you will learn about five very common figures of speech: • Simile • Metaphor • Personification • Hyperbole • Metonymy Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  4. Simile • A simile is a comparison between two things which, in most respects, are totally unlike, but which actually are alike in some significant way. • Similes often use the words “like” and “as.” Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  5. Examples of Simile • “The construction worker’s hands were as rough as sandpaper.” Hands and sandpaper are being compared. How they are alike: they are both rough. Interpretation:The construction worker’s hands are very rough. • “Marie’s eyes are like diamonds. Eyes and diamonds are compared. How they are alike: Both sparkle; both are bright. Interpretation:Marie’s eyes sparkle. Marie has bright eyes. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  6. Metaphor • A metaphor implies a comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things by saying that one of them is the other. • Although the two things seem dissimilar, they are alike in some significant way. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  7. Examples of Metaphor • Aunt Sophie is a pack rat. Aunt Sophie is being compared to a pack rat. How they are alike: Both collect things and never discard any of them. Interpretation:Aunt Sophie accumulates things and never gets rid of any of them. • My dog is a bottomless pit. My dog and a bottomless pit are being compared. How they are alike: Neither can be filled up. Interpretation:My dog eats an enormous amount of food. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  8. Hyperbole • A hyperbole is a figure of speech in which the author makes an obvious exaggeration for emphasis or in order to create some other specific effect (such as humor, emphasis, or surprise). Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  9. Examples of Hyperbole My mom hit the golf ball into the next county! The exaggeration: into the next county Interpretation:My mom hit the ball very far. When I received my college diploma I told everyone I knew or had ever met! The exaggeration: I told everyone I knew or had ever met. Interpretation:I was very excited and proud when I received my college diploma. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  10. Personification • Personification is speaking about nonhuman or nonliving things as if they were human. In other words, it is giving human characteristics or qualities to nonliving things. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  11. Examples of Personification • The vacuum cleaner ate my socks. What is being personified: vacuum cleaner Way in which it is like a person: It “ate” something. Interpretation:The vacuum cleaner sucked up my socks. (My socks were sucked up by the vacuum cleaner.) • The TV remote control managed to hide from us for an entire week. What is being personified: the TV remote control Way in which it is like a person: It “hid” from us. Interpretation:We couldn’t find the TV remote control for a week. (The TV remote control was lost for a week.) Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  12. Metonymy • Inmetonymy, a closely-related term or symbol is substituted for what it represents, or some concrete term is used for a more abstract idea. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  13. Examples of Metonymy • Jack Frost came to town earlier than usual this year. Metonymy: Jack Frost What is represents: winter; cold weather Interpretation:Winter came earlier than usual this year. Cold weather came earlier than usual this year. • Could you give me a hand with these windows? Metonymy: hand What it represents: help; assistance Interpretation:Could you help me clean these windows? Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

  14. The Edge: Pointers from the Coach • “Figures of speech” and “figurative language” are different names for the same thing. • Figures of speech must be interpreted; they do not literally mean what they say. • Understanding the meaning of a figure of speech is more important than identifying the type of figure of speech. • There are more than 250 types of figures of speech. Appendix 6: Interpreting Figures of Speech

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