Contraception and STDS

1. Contraception and STDS Department of Fertility Care Services St. John’s Mercy Medical Center

2. Contraception • Against or prevention of conception occurring. • Prevention of sperm and egg uniting • Disrupting the natural process of fertilization, implantation, or uterine preparation to receive a new life.

3. Types of Contraception • Barrier Methods • Hormonal Rings • Birth Control Pills or OCPs • Intrauterine Devices (IUDS) • Sterilizations

4. Barrier Methods • Condoms • Foams • Sponges • Diaphragms

5. Possible Side Effects • Allergic Reactions and Irritation • Diaphragm sometimes difficult to removal • Increase Risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome

6. Effectiveness of Barrier Methods • Actual 96.8% • Continual % after one year of use 89%

7. Hormonal Methods • Hormonal Rings-Nuva-Ring • Birth Control Pills or OCPs • Hormonal Patches

8. Possible Side Effects • May delay return of normal fertility. • Breast problems • Depression • Weight gain • Headaches • Nausea and Vomiting • Irregular bleeding

9. Effectiveness • Actual 94% • Continuation % after one year of use 72%

10. Intrauterine Devices • IUDs • Copper • Mirena

11. Possible Side Effects • Heavy, irregular or painful menses • Painful intercourse • Infection • Ectopic pregnancy • Perforation of the uterus • Infertility

12. Effectiveness • Actual 97% • Continuation % after one year of use 80%

13. Sterilizations • Tubal Ligation • Essure • Vasectomy

14. Possible Side Effects • Risk of bleeding or infection with operations • Increased rates of hysterectomy, ectopic pregnancy • Painful periods • Two-fold increase in rate of prostate cancer

15. Effectiveness • Tubals Actual 99.6% • Vasectomies 99.8% • Continuation% after one year of use 100%

16. Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDsorSexually Transmitted InfectionsSTIs

18. STIs • Infections of the genital tract of male or female which can be transmitted back and forth through the genital contact

19. Types of STIs • Syphilis and Gonorrhea-Pre 1960 • Chlamydia- 1976 • HIV and AIDS-1981 • Genital Herpes-1982 more prevalent • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- 1992 • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1996

20. Types of STIs • Hepatitis B • Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) • Trichomoniasis

21. Gonorrhea • Contracted through sexual contact bacterial • Symptoms Discharge containing pus Burning and frequency of urination

22. Affects to Fetus • Affect the eyes by causing blindness • Sores on the scalp • Joint infections or other infections

23. Syphilis • Contracted through sexual contact-bacterial-very contagious and increase risk of contracting HIV infection • A pregnant mother can transmit to her unborn child

24. Affects to Fetus • Can cause stillbirth or baby may die soon after birth. • Developmental delays • Seizures or die

25. Symptoms • A chancre (“shanker”) usually firm and painless but highly contagious usually appear 3 weeks after exposure • If left untreated progresses to Severe brain damage, heart, blood vessel damage.

26. Chlamydia • Most common nonviral STI in US • Major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain, and infertility in women • Can cause no discomfort or vaginal discharge, pain and fever.

27. HIV and AIDS • 1981 discovered-Virus • HIV infection usually results in AIDS • AIDS is a potentially fatal disease • Once HIV-infected, most individuals contagious for the rest of their lives. • Can be contracted from one act of intercourse with HIV-infected person,

28. People at Risk of Contracting • Newborns of mothers with HIV, • Health-care workers with needle sticks, Drug users who share needles • Sexual partners with virus who have sex with a male or female

29. Herpes • Two types- Herpes Simplex 1 or 2 (HSV) • Really doesn’t matter on type because infections both cause blisters • Can be silent with symptoms that still can shed the virus between partners.

30. Symptoms • Fever blisters on lips or mouth usually HSV 1, but can be HSV 2 too • Genital Herpes- Predominantly HSV 2 cause reoccur ant painful blisters • Triggers of outbreaks can be stress, illness, menstrual cycles

31. Herpes and Birth of Baby • Mothers with virus who have outbreak during labor and delivery can pass virus onto infant and is usually fatal to infant. • Medication can suppress outbreaks and is safe during last month of pregnancy.

32. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Commonly known as PID • Can result from some of the STIs • Gonorrhea, Chlamydia • Scars fallopian tubes leading to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain, painful intercourse

33. Hepatitis B • Viral infection with severe complications • Can cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. • Appr. ½ of infections transmitted through sexual intercourse. 1/3 had another STD • Pregnant mother can pass to fetus and infectious carriers

34. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Major cause of abnormal pap smears and cause of cervical cancer • One of the most common cancers in women • Virus transmitted through sexual contact with peak prevalence in women ages 22-25.

35. Bacterial Vaginosis and Trichomoniasis • BV left untreated can lead to PID • Strongly associated with preterm births • Both vaginal infections increase risk of HIV infection if come in contact • All women with any STIs diagnosed should be screened for all STIs.