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STDs

STDs. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. STD Facts. Every year STDs cost the U.S. healthcare system $17 billion—and cost individuals even more in immediate and long-term health consequences, including infertility.

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STDs

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  1. STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases

  2. STD Facts • Every year STDs cost the U.S. healthcare system $17 billion—and cost individuals even more in immediate and long-term health consequences, including infertility. • Estimates suggest that even though young people between 15 and 24 years of age represent only 25% of the sexually-experienced population, they acquire nearly half of all new STDs.

  3. STD facts Every year, 1 in 4 sexually active teens acquire an STD! The two most common infections for teens: • Common cold • STDs

  4. STD categories • Bacterial – Can typically be treated with an anti-biotic and cured within a matter of days. Without treatment, these STDs can lead to long term damage of the genitals and possibly infertility. • Viral – can not be cured. Some can be treated to reduce symptoms and young adults can be vaccinated to prevent the spread of HPV. • Parasitic – small parasites (bugs) that can be cured with a medicated cream.

  5. STD prevention While properly using some forms of contraception can greatly reduce the risk of contracting an STD, it still does not eliminate that risk. THE ONLY 100% SURE WAY TO PREVENT AN STD AND PREGNANCY IS ABSTINENCE!

  6. STD facts • In 2010 in Washington state 14,220 out of every 100,000 young people ages 15-24 reported cases of chlamydia.

  7. Chlamydia • Chlamydia is a bacterial disease. • Chlamydia can be transmitted during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. It can also be passed from mother to child during birth. • Chlamydia is known as a "silent" disease because the majority of infected people have no symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they usually appear within 1 to 3 weeks after exposure.

  8. Chlamydia – signs/symptoms • In women, the bacteria initially infect the cervix and the urethra (urine canal). Women who have symptoms might have an abnormal vaginal discharge or a burning sensation when urinating. If the infection spreads from the cervix to the fallopian tubes, some women still have no signs or symptoms; others have lower abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea, fever, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between menstrual periods. Chlamydial infection of the cervix can spread to the rectum. • Men with signs or symptoms might have a discharge from their penis or a burning sensation when urinating. Men might also have burning and itching around the opening of the penis. Pain and swelling in the testicles are uncommon.

  9. Gonorrhea • Gonorrhea is a bacterial disease. • Gonorrhea is spread through contact with the penis, vagina, mouth, or anus. Ejaculation does not have to occur for gonorrhea to be transmitted or acquired. Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to baby during delivery.

  10. Gonorrhea – signs/symptoms • Some men with gonorrhea may have no symptoms at all. However, some men have signs or symptoms that appear one to fourteen days after infection. Symptoms and signs include a burning sensation when urinating, or a white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis. Sometimes men with gonorrhea get painful or swollen testicles. • In women, the symptoms of gonorrhea are often mild, but most women who are infected have no symptoms. Even when a woman has symptoms, they can be so non-specific as to be mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection. The initial symptoms and signs in women include a painful or burning sensation when urinating, increased vaginal discharge, or vaginal bleeding between periods. Women with gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious complications from the infection, regardless of the presence or severity of symptoms.

  11. Syphilis • Syphilis is a bacterial STD. • Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. Sores also can occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Pregnant women with the disease can pass it to the babies they are carrying. Syphilis cannot be spread through contact with toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils.

  12. Syphilis – signs/symptoms • Primary StageThe primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the appearance of a single sore (called a chancre), but there may be multiple sores. The time between infection with syphilis and the start of the first symptom can range from 10 to 90 days (average 21 days). The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where syphilis entered the body. The chancre lasts 3 to 6 weeks, and it heals without treatment. However, if adequate treatment is not administered, the infection progresses to the secondary stage.

  13. Syphilis – signs/symptoms • Secondary StageSkin rash and mucous membrane lesions characterize the secondary stage. This stage typically starts with the development of a rash on one or more areas of the body. The rash usually does not cause itching. Rashes associated with secondary syphilis can appear as the chancre is healing or several weeks after the chancre has healed. The characteristic rash of secondary syphilis may appear as rough, red, or reddish brown spots both on the palms of the hands and the bottoms of the feet. In addition to rashes, symptoms of secondary syphilis may include fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue. The signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis will resolve with or without treatment, but without treatment, the infection will progress to the latent and possibly late stages of disease.

  14. Pubic Lice • Pubic lice is a parasitic STD. • Pubic lice typically are found attached to hair in the pubic area. • Pubic lice infestations (pthiriasis) are usually spread through sexual contact. Dogs, cats, and other pets do not play a role in the transmission of human lice. • Both over-the-counter and prescription medications are available for treatment of pubic lice infestations.

  15. Herpes • Herpes is a viral disease. • Herpes has 2 forms: HSV-1 and HSV-2 • HSV-1 typically effects the mouth and surrounding areas of the face, where as HSV-2 typically effects the genitals • Both result in open sores and blisters • Herpes is spread through body contact and can be transferred from genital to genital, mouth to genital, or genital to mouth. • Herpes can be spread even when the infected person shows no signs or symptoms.

  16. Herpes – signs/symptoms • Most people infected with HSV-2 are not aware of their infection. However, if signs and symptoms occur during the first outbreak, they can be quite pronounced. The first outbreak usually occurs within two weeks after the virus is transmitted, and the sores typically heal within two to four weeks. Other signs and symptoms during the primary episode may include a second crop of sores, and flu-like symptoms, including fever and swollen glands. However, most individuals with HSV-2 infection never have sores, or they have very mild signs that they do not even notice or that they mistake for insect bites or another skin condition. • People diagnosed with a first episode of genital herpes can expect to have several (typically four or five) outbreaks (symptomatic recurrences) within a year. Over time these recurrences usually decrease in frequency. It is possible that a person becomes aware of the "first episode" years after the infection is acquired.

  17. Human Papilloma Virus • HPV is a viral disease • HPV is passed on through genital contact, most often during vaginal and anal sex. HPV may also be passed on during oral sex and genital-to-genital contact. HPV can be passed on between straight and same-sex partners—even when the infected partner has no signs or symptoms.

  18. Human Papilloma Virus • Most people with HPV do not develop symptoms or health problems from it. In 90% of cases, the body’s immune system clears HPV naturally within two years.  But there is no way to know which people who get HPV will go on to develop cancer or other health problems. • HPV can cause genital warts in males and females. Rarely, these types can also cause warts in the throat -- a condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or RRP. • Other HPV types can cause normal cells in the body to turn abnormal, and might lead to cancer over time. These HPV types can cause cervical cancer and other, less common cancers, including cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and head and neck (tongue, tonsils and throat).

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