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The Skeletal System. 9/7/2014. 1. Today’s Warm-Up. School-House Rock: “Dem Bones” Robot Dancing Video. Today’s Warm-Up. Skeletal facts… How many bones are in the average adult human body? How many bones does a baby have? What/where is the longest bone on the body?
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The Skeletal System 9/7/2014 1
Today’s Warm-Up • School-House Rock: “Dem Bones” • Robot Dancing Video
Today’s Warm-Up Skeletal facts… • How many bones are in the average adult human body? • How many bones does a baby have? • What/where is the longest bone on the body? • What/where is the smallest bone in the body? 206 Over 300! The “femur” or thighbone 3 bones in the middle ear- stirrup, anvil & hammer
Today’s Warm-Up • Pics: Dinosaur Valley State Park- Glen Rose, Texas • It’s the bones (skeletal system) of long-dead creatures that allows us to learn about the Earth’s past. • At DVSP they have found bones, fossils, and even footprints of ancient dinosaurs!
Dinosaur Valley SP • The early Cretaceous track beds in DVSP are dated by geologists as approximately 110 millions years old!
The Skeletal System • Definition: • all of the bones in the body
The Skeletal System 5 Major Functions • forms an internal, living framework that: • provides shape and support to your body • protects internal organs • provides for muscle attachment (movement) • forms blood cells in the marrow • stores calcium and phosphorous compounds for later use
Bones • Made of layers of living tissue • Covered with a tough, tight-fitting membrane called the periosteum • See text- pg. 499
Compact Bone • Directly under the periosteum • Hard, strong layer • Gives bones strength • Contains deposits of calcium phosphate • Contains bone cells and blood vessels
Spongy Bone • Located inside and at the ends of long bones • Has many small, open spaces that make bones lightweight • Filled with a substance called marrow • Yellow: composed of fat cells • Red: produces red blood cells
Cartilage • Smooth, slippery, thick layer of tissue • Covers the ends of bones at joints • Flexible and acts as a shock absorber • Makes movement easier by reducing friction (damaged cartilage leads to joint pain) • As you age much of your cartilage is gradually broken down & replaced by bone
Bones • Using the next slide and your textbook (See text- pg. 499) as a guide- draw a bone and label the layers • Do this IN YOUR LAB-BOOK! • I will stamp when complete.
Joints • Definition: • Any place where two or more bones come together • Human knee
Joints • Kept far enough apart by a thin layer of cartilage so that they do not rub directly against each other as they move • Bones are held in place at joints by a tough band of tissue called ligament
Types of Joints • Immovable: allow for little or no movement • Skull • Pelvis • Moveable • Pivot • Ball & Socket • Hinge • Gliding
Types of Joints • Pivot Joint- • One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move (forearm and neck)
Types of Joints Ball and Socket Joint- Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone (hip and shoulder)
Types of Joints Hinge Joint Back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door (elbow or knee)
Type of Joints Gliding Joint One part of a bone slides over another bone- used the most in the body (wrist & hand)
Bones • Using your notes and you textbook (See text- pg. 502) as a guide- give two examples of where all five joints can be found in the body. • Do this IN YOUR LAB-BOOK!
The Skeletal System • Skeletal System BrainPop! • Skeletal System Video Clip
