Our laboratory has established two flocks of sheep with naturally occurring forms of NCL

1. CLN5CLN6 BDSRA 2012 Our laboratory has established two flocks of sheep with naturally occurring forms of NCL  CLN5 in Borderdales  CLN6 in South Hampshires These provide excellent large animal models to study and compare Batten disease mechanisms and to identify and validate potential therapies Features • Models of both membrane bound and soluble protein forms of Batten disease • Genetic testing allows diagnosis at birth. Clinical disease is obvious 12-14 months later • With a larger more complex brain than mice, the sheep brain is ideally suited for modeling human disease • The sheep are economic and easy to maintain in our environment • Samples are available from birth through to end stage disease Current Key Projects introduction What this means For Therapy Control 1 2 3 Neuroinflammation and Drug Therapy Vectors and Gene Injections Biomarkers of Disease Progress Subventricular zone in 2 year affected, PSA-NCAM • We are working, in collaboration, on a number of different therapeutic strategies • Gene Therapies • Our studies show cross-cell correction may be an option for CLN5 and CLN6 • In vivo trials are underway to inject DNA encoding the functional, therapeutic gene in order to replace a mutated gene • Specific areas of extended neurogenesis are targeted • Anti-inflammatory Therapies • Mapping the neuroinflammatory pathways will indicate potential drugs and target sites • Drug Therapies • We have developed facilities, expertise and protocols to test drug therapies in Batten disease sheep. • Functional and behavioural studies have been established to monitor their efficacy • Ready to test drugs as soon as realistic candidates are discovered. Already testing a novel calpain inhibitor • It is likely a combination of therapies will prove best • Neuroinflammation: • First discovered to be associated with NCLs in the CLN6 sheep • Begins prenatally and spreads • Was not suppressed by treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug, minocycline • The inflammation cascade is complex! • Need to know more about the disease mechanisms to identify potential drug targets and to pick a drug more likely to work • Currently mapping the cascade by gene expression and immmunohistochemistry studies in CLN5 and CLN6 • Developing biomarkers for assessing the efficacy of therapies • CT scanning • non-invasive measurement of brain volume changes during disease progression • Social networking • GPS monitoring to analysechanges in animal behaviour and social interaction • Led by Prof AJ Morton, University of Cambridge • Vision and maze testing • Assessment of vision and neurological function • Led by Prof AJ Morton, University of Cambridge • Research findings: • A zone of extended neurogenesis was found and identified as a key target site for gene injections • Chimeric studies showed that correcting only some cells is all that is required • Have developed lentiviral vectors and successful injection protocols • Collaboration: Dr SM Hughes, University of Otago • Ready for definitive gene lentiviral therapy trials and to test AAV derived vectors Pre-symptomatic microglial activation 12 days after birth Normal Affected Brain volume changes in chimeric sheep compared to affected and normal Clearance of storage bodies Batten animal research Network :Lincoln NZFinnish and Variant Late Infantile Batten DiseaseDavid Palmer, Lucy Barry, Hannah Lee, Nadia Mitchell, Janet Xu, Jarol Chen, Huibing Jiang, Stephanie Hughes, Hollie PeacockFaculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University; Department of Biochemistry, Otago University, New Zealand. Email: David.Palmer@lincoln.ac.nz 1 cm Newly generated neurons Gene expression in the sheep brain one year after injection Acknowledgements: Technical support from MJ Ridgway and NP Jay (JML Research Farm). Financial support from BDSRA, the Neurological Foundation (NZ), Pub Charities (NZ), CDHI and FoRST (NZ).