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ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE

ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE. PREPARED BY MANISH KUMAR LECTURER ARCHITECTURE AT GOVT. POLY. COLLEGE FOR GIRLS PATIALA. GENERAL.

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ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE

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  1. ARCHITECTURE OFHOT AND ARID CLIMATE • PREPARED BY MANISH KUMAR • LECTURER ARCHITECTURE • AT GOVT. POLY. COLLEGE FOR GIRLS PATIALA 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  2. GENERAL WE ALL KNOW THAT OUR HABITAT/ BUILDINGS ETC ARE GREATELY INFLUENCED BY MANY FACTORS AND THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR AMONGST THEM IS CLIMATE OF THAT PARTICULAR REGION/ AREA. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  3. GENERAL SO IT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR AN ARCHITECT TO KNOW ABOUT DIFFERENT REGIONS AND THEIR CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS SO THAT HE OR SHE CAN PLAN ACCORDINGLY AND EFFECTIVELY. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  4. HOT AND ARID CLIMATE THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE PREVAILS AROUND 15 DEGREE FROM EQUATOR IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND 30 DEGREES FROM EQUATOR IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  5. HOT AND ARID CLIMATE IN INDIA THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE CAN BE EXPERIANCED IN RAJASTHAN, GUJRAT , MAHARASHTRA AND SOME PARTS OF MADHYA PRADESH AND KARNATKA ALSO . 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  6. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  7. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE TEMPERATURE • IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE TEMPERATURE IS USUALLY VERY HOT. • IT CAN VERY EASILY GO UPTO 50* AND EVEN MORE IN SUMMERS. • THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN DAY AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE IS VERY HIGH (15 TO 20 DEGREE CELSIES) 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  8. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE HUMIDITY • DUE TO VERY HOT AND HARSH SUN RAYS. • HUMIDITY IS VERY LOW. • IT GENERALLY VARIES BETWEEN 10 TO 50 PERCENTAGE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  9. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE PRECIPITATION • AS THE AIR IS TOTALLY HOT & DRY IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE. • PRECIPITATION IS VERY LOW. • IT MAY VARY BETWEEN 50 TO 150 mm PER YEAR. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  10. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE PRECIPITATION 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  11. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE SKY CONDETIONS • SKY IS NORMALLY CLEAR AND BLUE IN THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE. • SOME TIMES DUST STORMS FILL COMPLETE SKY. • AND THESE DUSTY SKIES CREATE UNBERABLE GLARE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  12. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE SOLAR RADIATIONS • SOLAR RADIATIONS ARE DIRECT AND STRONG DURING DAY TIMES. • AND THESE OFTEN ESCAPES INTO OPEN CLEAR SKIES DURING NIGHTS. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  13. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE WIND • HIGH SPEED DUSTY WINDS ARE VERY COMMON FOR THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE. • WIND SPEED MAY VARY BETWEEN 20 TO 30 KILOMETER PER HAUR. • WIND OFTEN CHANGE DIRECTIONS LOCALLY. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  14. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE SOIL AND VEGITATION • SOIL IS VERY LOOSE AND SANDY • LOW HUMIDITY AND LESS RAIN FALL RESULTS IN POOR VEGETATION. • ONLY THICK LEAVES AND THORNY PLANTS CAN EASILY SURVIVE HERE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  15. CHARACTERISTICSOF HOT AND ARID CLIMATE SOIL AND VEGITATION 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  16. MAIN AIM / DESIGN THRUST • ARCHITECTS MAIN AIM IS TO AVOID HOT SUN AS FAR AS POSSIBLE. • TO CAPTURE AS MUCH COOL AIR AS POSSIBLE. • TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FROM DUST STORMS. ALL THIS CAN BE ACHIEVED TO SOME GOOD EXTENT BY TAKING SOME SUITABLE MEASURES. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  17. RURAL ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID ZONES. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  18. RURAL ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID ZONES. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  19. RURAL ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID ZONES. • EXTERNAL LOOK IS ALMOST DEAD TO AVOID SUN, • EXTERIOR IS LIGHT IN COLOUR AGAIN TO AVOID ABSORPTION OF HEAT. • SURFACE AREA EXPOSED TO SUN IS MINIMUM. • UNITS ARE EMBEDDED DEEP INTO GROUND. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  20. RURAL ARCHITECTURE OF HOT AND ARID ZONES. • THICKER MUD WALLS ACT AS GOOD INSULATING MATERIALS. • SMALLER SIZE OF WINDOWS LIMITS GLARE OF SOLAR RADIATIONS. • STREETS ARE NARROW. • UNITS ARE VERY CLOSELY PLACED. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  21. DESIGN CRITERIA / PLANNING CONCEPTS SITE • SITE SHOULD BE NEAR THE SOURCE OF WATER. • AND IT IS ALWAYS BETTER TO BUILD TOWARDS LEEWARD SIDE OF AN IRRIGATED AREA BECAUSE THE MOISTURE OF IRRIGATED AREA MAY LOWER THE AIR TEMPERATURE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  22. DESIGN CRITERIA / PLANNING CONCEPTS SITE DWELLINGS HOT WIND COOL WIND IRRIGATED AREA DWELLINGS 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTL HOT & ARID ZONES.

  23. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS SITE 3. NARROW VALLEYS SHOULD BE AVOIDED BECAUSE THIS MAY BECOME SOLAR TRAPS WITH THE MOUNTAIN SIDES HEATING AND RADIATING HEAT BACK AND FORTH. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  24. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS SITE • HEAT TRAP AREA MOUNTAIN MOUNTAIN TWO MOUNTAINS MAKING NARROW VALLEY 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  25. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS ORIENTATION NORTH –SOUTH ORIENTATION BEST SUITS FOR THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE AS IT PROTECTS FROM MORNING AND EVENING SOLAR RADIATIONS. APART FROM THIS LOCAL SITE CONDETIONS AND ITS SURROUNDINGS ALSO PLAYS MAJOR ROLE IN DECIDING ORIENTATION . BEDROOMS SHOULD BE ORIENTED TO RECEIVE COOL NIGHT AIR. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  26. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS HOUSE PLANS • COMPACT PLANS ARE PREFFRED AS THESE WILL EXPOSE MINIMUM SURFACE TO HARSH SOLAR RADIATIONS. • DEEPER ROOMS ARE BETTER AGAINST HOT OUTSIDE SOLAR RADIATIONS. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  27. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS SUN RAYS WILL BE LESS HARSH HERE. HOUSE PLANS WINDOW WINDOW 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  28. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS HOUSE PLANS 4. INWARD LOOKING PLANS BEST SUITS FOR THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE AS THESE STRAIGHT AWAY PROTECT US FROM EXTERNAL SOLAR HEAT AND RADIATIONS. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  29. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS HOUSE PLANS 5. COURTYARD PLANNING ALONG WITH SOME TREES AND SMALL WATER BODY CREATES VERY GOOD COOL MICROCLIMATE AS EVAPORATIVE COOLING EFFECTS OCCURES IN THIS TYPE OF COURTYARD. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  30. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS COURT YARD WITH SMALL TREE THICK EXTERNAL WALLS 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  31. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS HOUSE PLANS 6. THICKER EXTERNAL WALLS WITH MINIMUM WINDOWS SHOULD BE USED TO AVOID HEAT AND SOLAR RADIATIONS. 7. HEAT PRODUCING AREAS SHOULD BE SEPARATED FROM OTHER AREAS OF HOUSE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  32. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS ROOFS • ROOF SHOULS BE INSULATED FROM HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS. • THICKER INSULATING MATERIALS SHOULD BE USED FOR THIS. • A LIGHT COLOURED OR TOTALLY WHITE TERRACE SURFACE WILL REDUCE EFFECT OF HOT SOLAR RADIATIONS. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  33. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS ROOFS 4.ROOFS SHOULD BE MADE HIGHER SO THAT RADIATIONS FROM CEILING IS LESS HARSH AND THERE IS ENOUGH SPACE FOR HOT DICIPATED AIR. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  34. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS WALLS • THE WALLS OF DAY TIME LIVING AREAS SHOULD BE MADE OF HEAT STORING MATERIALS SO THAT THESE CAN STORE HEAT IN DAY TIME AND KEEP THE INSIDE COOL AND RADIATE HOT SOLAR RADIATION BACK IN TO ATMOSPHERE DURING NIGHT. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  35. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  36. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS WALLS 2. EASTERN AND WESTERN WALLS SHOULD BE SHADED WITH TREES OR SOME OTHER SCREENS. 3. DOUBLE WALL CONSTRUCTION WITH PROPER VENTILATION MAY ALSO BE CONSTRUCTED ON WESTERN SIDE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  37. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS OPENINGS • EXTERNAL OPENINGS SHOULD BE SMALL. • EASTERN AND WESTERN SIDE WINDOWS SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY TREES. • LARGE GLASS AREAS SHOULD BE AVOIDED. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  38. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS OPENINGS 4. DEEP SUN SHADES ARE REQUIRED TO SHADE WINDOWS EFFICTEVELY. 5. IT WOULD BE MORE EFFECTIVE,IF WE SOME HOW ,SEPARATE OUR SUN SHADES FROM MAIN STRUCTURE . 6. WINDOW SILLSHOULD BE HIGHER TO PROVIDE DUST PROTECTION. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  39. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS OPENINGS 7. VENTILATORS SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO DISSIPATE SOLAR OR ANY OTHER HEAT TRAPPED NEAR THE INNER CEILINGS. 8. WINDOWS SHOULD BE DEEP/ RECESSED INTO WALLS TO AVOID HEAT AND GLARE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  40. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS INTERIORS • LIGHT COOL COLOURS SHOULD BE USED FOR INTERIORS . • SURFACES THAT MAY REFLECT RADIATIONS SHOULD BE PAINTED DARK TO REDUCE GLARING EFFECT. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  41. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS EXTERIORS • DARK SURFACES SHOULD BE AVOIDED AS THESE WOULD ABSORB HEAT. • LIGHT COLOURED /SHINEY REFLECTIVE SURFACES SHOULD BE USED TO REFLECT SOLAR HEAT. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  42. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS EXTERIORS 3. PROVIDE AS MUCH GREEN SURFACE AS POSSIBLE AS THIS WILL COOL THE SURROUNDINGS. 4. AVOID HARD PAVED SURFACES AS THESE MAY CREATE GLARE AND RADIATE HEAT INSIDE THE BUILDING. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  43. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS EXTERIORS HARD PAVED SURFACE 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  44. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS • BUILDING SHOULD NEVER BE DESIGNED ON STILTS AS IT WOULD BE ATTACKED BY SOLAR HEAT AND RADIATION FROM ALL SIDES. • RATHER IT SHOULD BE EMBEDDED IN GROUND TO SOME EXTENT. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  45. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS A WELL PROTECTED BMBEDDED IN GROUND BUILDING FIGHTS BETTER THIS TYPE OF CLIMATE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  46. DESIGN / PLANNING CONCEPTS EXTERIORS 5.GLASS FAÇADE BUILDINGS SHOULD BE PROVIDED WITH LARGE VERANDAHAS IN FRONT OF GLASS WALL TO CUT GLARE AND HEAT. 6. FAÇADE CAN BE TINTED TO REDUCE EFFECT OF HEAT RADIATIONS AND GLARE. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  47. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT ARID ZONES SLIDE SHOWING WIND TOWER AT HIGHER LEVEL TO CATCH DUST FREE WIND AND TRANSFER IT INTO BUILDING. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  48. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT ARID ZONES WATER SPRINKLER DUSTU HOT WIND WIND DIRECTION DUST FREE COOL WIND SAND COLLECTION PIT/ AREA. VERTICAL SECTION SHOWING HOW DUSTY HOT WIND IS COOLED AND MADE DUST FREE BEFORE ENTERING ROOM 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  49. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT ARID ZONES INNER WALL OUTER WALL CAVITY CAVITY WALLS ALSO HELP IN LIMITING PENETRATION OF SOLAR HEAT AND RADIATIONS INSIDE BUILDINGS. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

  50. SOME CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES/ MATERIALS USED FOR HOT ARID ZONES EXTERNAL GLASS INTERNAL GLASS GAP FILLED WITH ARGON GAS VERTICAL SECTION SHOWING DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS WHICH LETS THE LIGHT COME IN AND KEEP THE HEAT OUT. 13-2-2013 MANISH KUMAR GPCG PTLHOT & ARID ZONES.

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