1. A System for Legalizing Racism Apartheid:

2. Objectives • What was the purpose of apartheid? • How did apartheid affect the lives of South Africans? • Why did South Africa move toward democracy?

3. The Republic of South Africa…

4. South African Geography…

5. What is Apartheid? • Apartheid – A strict legal system or rigid separation of races. • Under apartheid, the government classified all South African’s as White, Black, “Colored” (people of mix race), or Asian.

6. South African Statistics…

7. Government Sanctions • Natives (Urban Areas) Act, 1923 Deemed urban areas in South Africa as "white" and required all black African men in cities and towns to carry permits called "passes" at all times. • Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation Act, 1945Imposed essentially the same restrictions. • Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act, 1952. This law provides more details of the individuals carrying the “pass.” • Think about what the effects would be on the part of society whom these laws apply.

8. Resistance to Apartheid • In 1912 the South African Native National Congress (in 1923 it was renamed the African National Congress, ANC) was founded by a group of black urban and traditional leaders who opposed the policies of the first Union of South Africa government, especially laws that appropriated African land. • During the 1950’s the ANC dramatically increased its membership under the leadership of Albert Luthuli and Nelson Mandela who became one of the organization’s principal organizers in response to the obtrusive laws of Apartheid. • In the late 1960s Stephen Biko and other black students founded the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), which was loosely based on the Black Power movement in the United States. • The Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) was formed in April 1959, with Robert MangalisoSobukwe as president.

9. The Legacy of Apartheid…