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Communication in the Human Body: Nervous and Endocrine Systems Explained

This overview explores the two primary communication systems in the human body: the nervous and endocrine systems. The nervous system facilitates fast, short-term communication through electrical impulses in neurons and chemical messages via neurotransmitters. In contrast, the endocrine system employs slow, long-term communication through hormones, regulated by negative feedback loops. Discover the structure and function of neurons, types of neurons, and the role of neurotransmitters and hormones in maintaining bodily functions.

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Communication in the Human Body: Nervous and Endocrine Systems Explained

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  1. Communicationin the Human Body

  2. Two Systems • Nervous • Fast and short term communication • Electrical (neurons) • Chemical (neurotransmitters) • Endocrine • Slow and long term communication • Chemical (hormones)

  3. Your Senses

  4. What’s Happening • Neuron’s (Cells that make up nerves) • 3 parts: • Dendrite (where input happens (receptors)) • Cell Body (where organelles are located) • Axon – message is sent down (axon terminal – output) • Neurons are bundled together to make a nerve!

  5. Types of Neurons • Sensory Neuron – organ to central nervous system (CNS) • Interneuron – make up CNS • Motor Neuron – from CNS to organ

  6. Neurons are Specific • Individual Neurons respond to only 1 type of stimulus. • Example Touch (3 types of neurons) • Pressure • Pain • Temperature

  7. How Neurons Work • Neurons are polarized (negative inside and positive outside) • When “fire” they temporarily depolarize • This is propagated down the axon to the axon terminal • All or none (action potential)– either enough stimulus (threshold) for nerve to completely “fire” or does not “fire” at all http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwN9aCobCy8

  8. Neurotransmitters • Communication between neurons at the synapse • Small space between axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another. • Are specific – needs to be receptor for neurotransmitter on receiving dendrite • Released triggered by electrical signal. • Re-uptake: Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed and reused http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4NX87Yk&feature=endscreen&NR=1

  9. 2 categoriesof neurotransmitters • Excite or cause action potential • Inhibit or prevent action potential • Many drugs mimic or act like neurotransmitters

  10. Endocrine System • Chemical messengers • Specific – has to be a receptor for the hormone in order for the cell to respond to it. • Control – normally a negative feedback loop • Some drugs can also mimic hormones

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