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World War II 1939-1945

World War II 1939-1945. Chapter 16. Scissors beats Paper. Hitler’s Lightning War. Chapter 16 Section1 Page 491. Germany Sparks a New War. Sept. 1st 1939 Germany invades Poland First test of Blitzkrieg France & Britain declare war on Germany Sept. 3rd Sept. 17th

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World War II 1939-1945

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  1. World War II 1939-1945 Chapter 16

  2. Scissors beats Paper

  3. Hitler’s Lightning War Chapter 16 Section1 Page 491

  4. Germany Sparks a New War • Sept. 1st 1939 • Germany invades Poland • First test of Blitzkrieg • France & Britain declare war on Germany • Sept. 3rd • Sept. 17th • Stalin sends troops to occupy Eastern Poland • Sends troops to occupy Lithuania, Latvia & Estonia • Finland resists • Stalin sends 1 million troops • Wins through sheer numbers

  5. Phony War • France & Britain station troops along Maginot line • Germany stationed along Siegfried Line • Jokingly called sitzkrieg • April 9th 1940 • Hitler launches surprise invasion of Denmark & Norway

  6. Fall of France • German troops slice through the Ardennes • Heavily wooded area • Dunkirk • May 1940 Germans trapped allied forces • Britain sends 850 ships across English Channel • navy ships, yachts, lifeboats, motorboats, paddle steamers & fishing boats • May 26th - June 4th carry 338,000 soldiers

  7. France Falls • June 14th • Germans take Paris • June 22nd 1940 • French leaders surrender • Germans control Northern France • Southern France left to puppet government

  8. Battle of Britain • Winston Churchill - British Prime Minister • Hitler plans to invade Britain • knock out RAF • Land over 250,000 troops • June 1940 • Luftwaffe began bombing Britain • Focus on airfields & factories • Sept. 7th • focusing on cities

  9. Battle of Britain Cont. • Technology helped Britain • Radar • Enigma - German code-breaking machine • Oct. 1940 • German gives up daytime raids • May 10, 1941 • Hitler calls off attacks

  10. Mediterranean & Eastern Front • Germany focuses on Mediterranean/North Africa • Italy attacks Africa • Attacks Egypt - Suez Canal • Britain Strikes back against Italians • February 1941 • Moves 500 miles & takes 130,000 Italian prisoners • Hitler steps in to help • Sends Afrika Korps

  11. Africa Cont. • Mid-January 1942 • Britain fights back • Rommel retreats • June 1942 • Rommel regrouped & pushes British back across desert

  12. Balkans • Hitler begins planning an attack against USSR • Hitler wanted a base in southeastern Europe • Early 1941 • Hitler persuaded Bulgaria, Romania & Hungary to join Axis powers

  13. Hitler invades ussr • Operation Barbarossa • June 22nd 1941 • Soviet Union unprepared - largest army - poorly equipped • After 1 week Germans pushed 500 miles • Soviets practices scorched earth • Sept 8th • Leningrad under siege • Nearly 1 million die at Leningrad • Oct. 2nd 1941 • Moves on Moscow • USSR costs Hitler 500,000 lives

  14. U.S. • Most Americans want Neutrality • Lend-Lease Act - March 1941 • Summer 1941 • U.S. Navy escorting British ships carrying U.S. arms • Roosevelt & Churchill • Atlantic Charter • Sept 4th • German U-boat fired on U.S. destroyer • Roosevelt ordered navy to shoot German Submarines

  15. Japan’s Pacific Campaign Chapter 16 Section 2 Page 497

  16. Pearl Harbor • Oct. 1940 • Americans cracked one code of Japanese • America sent aid to Chinese resistance • July 1941 • Japan overruns Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos • Roosevelt cuts off oil to Japan • Japan plans for attack of U.S. Fleet • “Dagger pointed at Japan’s throat”

  17. Day of Infamy • December 7th 1941 • Japan attacks Pearl Harbor • 2 hours • Sunk or damaged 19 ships • More than 2,300 Americans killed • 1,100 wounded • December 8th • Congress accepts request for declaration of war

  18. Japanese Victories • Guam & Wake Island fall easily • January 1942 • March into American colony Philippines • By February • Japan takes Malaya • Reach Singapore • Month Later • Take Dutch East Indies • By this time • Japan controlled 1 million square miles of Asian land • About 150 million people

  19. Allies Strike back • April 1942 • 16 B-25 bombers attack Tokyo & several other cities • Did little damage • Bombing shook confidence of Japanese • May 1942 • Americans intercept Japanese strike force • Battle of Coral Seas • Ships did not fire a single shot • America lost more ships & troops • Considered a victory

  20. Battle of Midway • Japan targets Midway Islands • June 4th • 1,500 miles west of Hawaii • Key American airfield • Americans knew Japan was headed that way • Americans hid ships - allowed Japan to begin attack • America destroys 332 ships, 4 aircraft carriers

  21. Allied Offensive • Allies take offensive • Japanese troops dig in on hundred of islands • Americans Island hop • Seize islands not well defended closer to Japan • Guadalcanal • August 7th 1942 • Japanese building large plane base • Marines storm beach • February 1943 • Battle ends • 24,000 of 36,000 Japanese soldiers lost

  22. The Holocaust Chapter 16 Section 3 Page 502

  23. The beginning • Aryans - Master Race • Nazis believed all others were inferior • Kristallnacht - Night of the Broken Glass • November 9th, 1938 • 30,000 Jews transported to concentration camps

  24. refugees • Many Jews left • Felt violence would increase against them • Hitler first favored emigration • Many countries shut their doors • 2nd plan • Ordered all Jews to designated cities • Sent to overcrowded ghettos • Hoped Jews would starve to death or die of disease

  25. Final Solution • Genocide - Systematic murder of an entire population • Hitlers plan depended on purity of Aryan race • Eliminated others viewed as “subhuman” • Gypsies, Poles, Russians, Homosexuals, Insane, Disabled, Incurably ill

  26. Mass Killings • SS went town to town hunting Jews • Shot any and all • Those not shot sent to concentration camps • Prisoners worked 7 days a week • Most lost 50 lbs in the first few months

  27. Final Stage • Built extermination camps • large gas chambers - kill as many as 6,000 a day • Auschwitz - largest camp • Survivors • 6 Million die in death camps • Less than 4 million survive

  28. Allied Victory Chapter 16 Section 4 Page 506

  29. Two Fronts • North African Campaign • Montgomery assaults German line • Operation Torch • 100,000 allies land behind Rommel • Afrika Korps crushed May 1943

  30. battle of Stalingrad • Leningrad & Moscow attacks stall • Germans sent to capture oil fields • Also to capture Stalingrad • August 1942 • November 1942 • Germans control 90% of the city • Late November • USSR launch counter attack and surround Germans • Feb. 2 1943 • 90,000 germans surrender

  31. Invasion of Italy • Stalin wanted British & Americans to invade France • Roosevelt & Churchill decide to invade Italy • July 10, 1943 • Allies landed on Sicily • July 25 • King Emmanuel III has Mussolini arrested • Sept. 3 • Italy surrenders • Germans control Northern Italy - put Mussolini in charge • June 4th, 1944 • Allies enter Rome

  32. Victory in Europe • 1943 Allies begin building an invasion force • D-Day • May 1944 • Allies set up a dummy army with headquarters & equipment • June 6th 1944 • Land on Normandy • Americans forces loose over 2,700 alone • July 25th • Allies make hole in German defense

  33. Battle of the Bulge • Allied forces move towards Germany • Hitler faced war on two fronts • December 16 • German tanks broke through American defense • Eventually Americans were able to push back • March 1945 • Allies move across Rhine river • April • 3 million Allies soldiers approached Berlin • April 25th • Soviets surround capital

  34. Hitler • April 29th • Hitler marries Eva Braun • April 30th • Both commit suicide • Roosevelt • Dies April 12th • May 9th • V-E Day

  35. Pacific • Fall 1944 • Allies moving on Japan • Japan create bold plan • Risk entire Japanese fleet • October 23rd • Battle of Leyte Gulf • Lost horribly • Only army & Kamikazes remain • March 1945 • Americans take Iwo Jima • April 1st • U.S. move to Okinawa - 100,000 mean lost

  36. Surrender • Invasion into Japan could cost to many lives • Looked at a new weapon to end war • Truman warns Japan about new weapon • August 6th, 1945 • Drop bomb on Hiroshima • 70-80,000 die in attack • August 9th • Bomb dropped on Nagasaki • Over 70,000 people killed • Sept. 2nd Japan surrendered

  37. Europe & Japan in Ruins Chapter 16 Section 5 Page 514

  38. Europe • Battle of Britain destroyed Britain • Poland capital almost destroyed • Desolation everywhere • Thousands of displaced people

  39. Government & Politics • Communism was on the rise • Declined after economies recovered • Nuremberg trials • 1945-1946 International Military Tribunal • Represented 23 nations • Try Nazi war criminals

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