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How much is 5 cents?

Woolworth stores close after nearly 100 years. Over 800 stores close. Over 27 000 people lose their jobs. Pick ‘n’ mix is no more as Woolworths becomes a part of British history.

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How much is 5 cents?

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  1. Woolworth stores close after nearly 100 years Over 800 stores close. Over 27 000 people lose their jobs. Pick ‘n’ mix is no more as Woolworths becomes a part of British history My gran once told me that Frank Woolworth opened his first store in 1879 in the USA. It sold things for either 5 or 10 cents. My mum was alive when Woolworths opened in Liverpool in 1909. Everything cost a penny or sixpence. You could get a pick ‘n’ mix for a penny. How much are a penny and a sixpence worth today Grandma? How much is 5 cents? How much is 10 cents?

  2. January Sales begin… in December and just carry on and on!! Digger was £24 Now ½ price £12 per pair Dalek was £36.80 Now ½ price How much will the dalek cost in the half price sale?

  3. Prices slashed in an effort to get people spending! Everything must go! £32 £26.40 75%, 70%, 15% off. What does that mean? £220 £35

  4. Up2d8 maths Teacher’s guide As the credit crunch continues into 2009, many high street stores are closing. One of the UK’s oldest stores, Woolworths, closed its doors for the last time in December 2008 just months before it became 100. New Year sales began early in many stores across the UK, in an attempt to encourage people to start spending and boost their sales. These spreads provide mathematical ideas, many to do with fractions and percentages of money, to develop with the children. They can be easily differentiated to suit both KS1 and KS2.

  5. 1st spread: Woolworths. Briefly tell the children the history of FW Woolworth: the first store was opened in Pennsylvania USA in 1879 by Frank Woolworth, who until then had been a sales assistant in a shop. In his store, everything was sold for either five or ten cents. In 1909 Frank opened his first store in the UK in Liverpool, selling everything for a penny or sixpence. It was a hugely popular store and by the mid-1920s Woolworths was inundated with letters from local authorities, all over the country, asking them to open in their towns. At one point a new store was opening every 17 days. Woolworth became famous for selling pick ‘n’ mix sweets and was relied upon by shoppers for anything from stationery to garden furniture at reasonable prices. Many Britons remember buying their first vinyl single record at a Woolworths. Many mothers say it was where they bought their child's first school uniform. In recent years, Woolworths became one of the first sellers of Halloween costumes and decorations in Britain. It was often children who packed the stores at weekends, spending their pocket money on toys and sweets. Woolies, as it soon became known, came under British ownership in 1982. It outlasted the parent company in the US, which closed the final Woolworths stores in 1997. Recent years have been difficult for Woolworths as shoppers have turned to supermarkets or the internet to gain better value, leaving the chain facing declines in sales. The slide about Woolworths provides a starting point for many opportunities for mathematics, for example: ● Make a time line from the opening of the first Woolworths in the USA to the current date, plotting other significant points in history over the last 130 years. Ask the children to work out the differences between dates and how long ago it was that the first Woolworths opened. ● Talk about the size of the number of stores and people losing their jobs, bring in place value, add extra numbers and ask the children to order them, place them on a number line and compare using the symbols < and >. You could reinforce work to do with 1, 10, 100 more/less than. … continued on the next slide

  6. 1st spread: Woolworthscontinued… ● Looking at the comments of the children asking about the worth of cents, you could work on currency conversions from dollars to pounds and vice versa, by making up prices for clothes, toys, food etc. and asking the children to change these prices to dollars. You could encourage them to use mental calculation strategies or use this as an opportunity to practice calculator skills. ● Focus on the grandma and grandson, discuss how much a penny (approximately 0.4p) and sixpence (2½p) are worth today and whether they could buy anything at these prices any more. Explore the old pounds, shillings and pence money we used to use in the UK and convert to today’s money. ● Discuss what units of weight would have been used to measure pick ‘n’ mix sweets in the early 1900s: pounds and ounces. Work out a price list for pick ‘n’ mix in these imperial measures based on 4oz for sixpence and then convert these to our current monetary system and grams. ● You could encourage the children to practically weigh out amounts of cubes, or similar, and bag them up pretending that they are pick ‘n’ mix sweets. ● Alternatively, you could actually make pretend sweets for a pick ‘n’ mix counter, from salt dough or newspaper wrapped in coloured cellophane and organise sorting activities. You could sell them for 1p each and make up money-related problems suitable for the EY. ● Using these sweets, you could provide problem-solving opportunities - for example, ask the children to choose, say, three sweets from eight and work out how many possibilities there are. ● You could set up a Woolworths shop in the classroom, selling different kinds of items that would have been sold in Woolworths and ask the children to make price labels for them. They could price things in whole pounds and multiples of 10p in KS1 and more complicated amounts in KS2. They could work out totals for two or three items and change from £1, £5, £10 and £20. ● In your ‘shop’ you could have a closing down sale with prices reduced by half or a quarter in KS1, 1/3 off and percentage discounts of varying complexity throughout KS2.

  7. 2nd spread: January sales. Discuss the January sales, why they originated and what they mean to shoppers. Make a list of high street stores that the children know of, and make a tally of how many the children have been into. Here are some other ideas for using the spread: ● Talk about half price and how this would affect the original costs of the items. Focus on the speech bubble for the boy, how much would the dalek he wants cost? How much would the digger cost? ● Discuss the types of items that might have the ‘buy one pair, get a second half price’ offer - eg shoes, socks, towels. Work out how much it would cost to buy two pairs of the characters at £12 a pair. ● Discuss other fractions eg ¼ off, how would they work out the cost of the dalek with this reduction (find ¼: £9.20 and take this away from the original price leaving £27.60). What about the digger? What if the reduction was ¾? You could work with eighths, tenths, fifths, finding unit and other fractions of the amounts for the toys. ● Discuss how children could spend any Christmas money or gift vouchers they might have been given, eg what could they afford to buy with a voucher worth £20 and another worth £10? ● Ask the children to make up price lists for other toys and then work out some sales prices based on the fractions discussed. You could use catalogues from well-known stores to generate ideas for toys and their prices. ● Discuss what else can be reduced in sales and focus on clothes. Using clothing catalogues, encourage them to make up price lists for different items with their reductions and new prices. Give the children a budget and a scenario (eg going to watch a football match, a party, on holiday to somewhere hot/cold) and ask them to choose some suitable clothes to buy within their budget.

  8. 3rd spread: Prices slashed. This spread shows more items with reductions but this time in percentages. You could change the percentages to 50% and 25% and link with ½ and ¼ for younger children: ● Discuss percentages as special fractions which are parts of 100. For the percentages on the spread, find the fraction equivalences and reduce these to their lowest terms, ie 75% = 75/100 = ¾, 15% = 15/100 = 3/20, 70% = 70/100 = 7/10. ● Find the percentage reduction for each item on the spread and then the new price in the sale. ● Focus on mental calculations such as finding 10% and doubling/halving to find others. Set the scenario that VAT, at 15%, needs to be added to these prices – will the items be cheaper if the VAT is added to the sale price, or added first and then the reduction made, or won’t it make a difference? ● Work out how much they have saved with the current VAT rate as against the previous one of 17½%. ● Ask questions that involve finding out which is cheaper – 3 for 2, buy 1 get one half price or, for example, 15% off.

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