150 likes | 224 Vues
Learn about anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, and amebicide drugs, their actions, uses, adverse reactions, and nursing process considerations for treating parasitic infections. Explore specific medications and assessment strategies to ensure effective treatment.
E N D
Introductory Clinical PharmacologyChapter 16Antiparasitic Drugs
Types of Parasitic Infections • Helminths • Ringworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms • Protozoal/Malarial • Protozoal: Giardia • Malarial: Malaria • Amebial • Amebas: intestinal / extraintestinal (ex. Liver)
Anthelmintic Drugs: Actions and Uses • Albendazole: Interferes with synthesis resulting in death of larva; used to treat larval forms of pork tapeworm; liver, lung, and peritoneum disease caused by dog tapeworm • Mebendazole: Blocks glucose uptake by helminth; used to treat whipworm, pinworm, roundworm, American hookworm, and common hookworm • Pyrantel: Ability to paralyze helminth; used to treat roundworm, pinworm • Thiabendazole: Interrupts the life cycle of the helminth; used to treat threadworm
Anthelmintic Drugs: Adverse Reactions • Generalized adverse reactions • Drowsiness; dizziness; nausea; vomiting; abdominal pain and cramps; diarrhea • Serious adverse effects • Rash
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Actions and Uses • Actions • Interfere with life cycle of the plasmodium (the pathogen that is transferred from human to human by mosquitoes) • Prevents development of plasmodium • Prevents the mosquito from ingesting the plasmodium • Used for the treatment of malaria
Examples of Malaria Medications • cloroquine (Aralen) • doxycycline (Vibramycin) • mefloquine (Lariam) - Prevention & Treatment
Antiprotozoal Drugs: Adverse Reactions • Gastrointestinal reactions • Vomiting; anorexia; abdominal cramping; diarrhea; and nausea • Other body system reactions • Headache; dizziness; visual disturbances; hypotension; photosensitivity; cinchonism
Amebicides: Uses • Metronidazole (Flagyl) used to treat: • Intestinal amebiasis • Chloroquine hydrochloride • Treatment of extraintestinal amebiasis
Amebicides: Adverse Reactions • Gastrointestinal adverse effects • Nausea; diarrhea; vomiting; abdominal cramps; anoxeria
Anthelmintic Drugs –Nursing Process: Assessment • Preadministration assessment • Diagnosis of helminth infection – examination of stool; weigh patient to determine drug dosage • Ongoing assessment • Save and transport all stools passed after intake of drug to laboratory • Acutely ill – monitor vital signs; record fluid intake/output every 4 hours • Observe patient for adverse reactions
Anthelmintic Drugs – Nursing Process: Implementation • Educating patient and family members • Instruction about taking the drugs as well as the household precautions to be followed until helminth is eliminated; avoid contact w/ infected stool
Antiprotozoal Drugs – Nursing Process: Assessment • Preadministration assessment • Identify and record vital signs and summary of nature and duration of symptoms; perform laboratory test; evaluate the patient’s physical status • Ongoing assessment • Monitor vital signs; observe client for symptoms of malaria; record and report health status to primary health care provider; measure and record fluid intake and output
Ambecides –Nursing Process: Assessment • Preadministration assessment • Examine stool; investigate travel history; record patient’s vital signs and weight; evaluate general physical status • Ongoing assessment • Measure fluid intake and output; observe for signs of dehydration; monitor client’s vital signs every 4 hours