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Biochemistry

Biochemistry. What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?. Organic Chemistry. ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things ORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H)

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Biochemistry

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  1. Biochemistry What is organic chemistry? What are carbohydrates? What are lipids? What are proteins? What are nucleic acids?

  2. Organic Chemistry • ORGANIC means comes from and found in LIVING things • ORGANIC molecules must contain CARBON (C) and HYDROGEN (H) • Most organic molecules have a CARBON BACKBONE (chain) C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C • What is so cool about carbon? • Carbon makes very strong bonds! • Likes to bond to ITSELF and other elements

  3. Which of these molecules is organic? • H2O • CH4 • C6H12O6 • CO2 • O2 • C6H14N2O2 • C5H6N2O2 • Fe2O3

  4. Macromolecules • Means “Giant molecules” • ALL BIG THINGS ARE MADE OF SMALLER THINGS RIGHT? • Four (4) types of OrganicMacromolecules: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  5. Carbs: The Video Clip

  6. Carbohydrates (SUGARS) • Elements Present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Job (Function) in Living Things: • Main source of FOOD ENERGY • Building Blocks (LEGOS!): • Called Simple sugars • Linked together to make complex (BIG) sugars • Glucose is a simple sugar • Many glucose molecules linked together makes STARCH • STARCH is a complex (BIG) sugar

  7. Glucose structure 1 molecule of glucose

  8. Starch structure

  9. Lipids: The Video Clip

  10. Lipids (Fats) • Elements: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Mostly H and C • Building Blocks are fatty acids and glycerol • Functions (Jobs) in Living Things: • Stores energy • Parts of membranes • Chemical messengers (hormones) • Identification: • Oily and greasy • VERY LONG carbon chain • Ex. Butter, oils, waxes

  11. Lipid Structure

  12. Protein: The Video Clip

  13. Proteins • Elements present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen • Jobs (Functions) in Living Things: • Control rates of reactions (ENZYMES) • Help form bones, muscles and other tissues • Transport molecules (Hemoglobin in blood) • Building blocks: • Called Amino Acids • 20 different AA’s that can be linked to form a protein! • Amino Acids are linked in any order and in any number to make endless numbers of proteins!

  14. Proteins • Identification: • Have AMINO GROUP that contains NITROGEN(NH2) • Ex. Keratin, Amylase

  15. Amino Acids

  16. Molecular Structure of Proteins

  17. Nucleic Acids: The Video Clip

  18. Nucleic Acids • Elements present: • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus • Job (Function) in Living Things: • Store and transmit GENETIC information • Identification: • Helix-shaped • Two types of Nucleic Acids: • DNA (Deoxy-ribo-Nucleic-Acid) • RNA (Ribo-Nucleic-Acid) • Building Blocks • Called Nucleotides or Subunits

  19. Let’s look closer at one nucleotide • Nucleotides have 3 parts • Phosphate • Ribose sugar • Nitrogen Base (1 of 4) • Each nucleotide is connected across to another nucleotide • Each nucleotide is also connected to another above and below • This forms the ladder–shapedDNA or RNA molecule

  20. LOSING A WATERMOLECULE TO MAKE OR BUILD SOMETHING = DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS Synthesis = building/joining ADDINGWATER MOLECULES TO DIGEST OR BREAK DOWN SOMETHING= HYDROLOSIS Hydrolosis = digestion/breaking up Make or Break!!

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