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What do we Mean by Resilient Food System?. Mike Jones Resilience Alliance Connectors Program. Which is Most Resilient?. Agro-forestry. Industrial soybean.
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What do we Mean by Resilient Food System? Mike Jones Resilience Alliance Connectors Program
Which is Most Resilient? Agro-forestry Industrial soybean Agro forestry looks resilient but much depends on nutrient recycling, developmental aspirations of the farmers, their culture and changes that may occur in the larger environment. Industrial soybean looks like a “gilded trap” that creates financial wealth but is collapse waiting to happen. Multiple actors in the commodity chain are dependent. Resilience for whom is a big issue. Which is best is the source of global political dog-fight. Images from presentation by André Luiz R. Gonçalves
Australian Wheat Belt System collapse and game over for modern agriculture. What comes next? Images from: Brian Walker
Goulburn-Broken Catchment Summary of “Thresholds of Potential Concern” in slow changing variables, the linkages between them and the potential shocks that may trigger them. Example from an agricultural landscape in Australia (Walker et al., 2009)
Bali Subak System • A resilient system that has persisted for about 1,500 years old • Survived disruptions of: • Dutch colonists in mid 19th century • GM rice introduction • Currently threatened by: • Tourism based cash economy • Climate change
Shinyanga Tanzania The restoration of a co-evolved system. Collapse precipitated by a well intentioned but ill-conceived development intervention followed by renewal through traditional practice. The “desert of Tanzania” in 1985 What disruptions will the future bring? Does the system have sufficient resilience to persist and evolve? Restoration of wooded savanna 2004
General Resilience Assessment Attributes Related to Potential for Change Diversity Ecological variability Social capital (trust, leadership, networks) Innovation Openness System reserves Equity Humility Slow variables Attributes Related to Connectedness & Cross-scale Interaction Modularity Tight feedbacks Overlap in governance Ecosystem services are valued Equity Openness
Resilience Models: Tools For Identifying Thresholds 1. Change within systems: Adaptive Cycle (Holling 2004) 3. Transitions betweensystem states: Ball and Basin (Scheffer et al., 2001) 2. Interactions between systems: Panarchy (Holling 2004)