Student name : McCullough HW 15 7305

1. Student name : McCullough HW 15 7305

2. Level of Repair Analysis Investigate/Research Repair Level Analysis (RLA), starting with lecture charts, and provide an application, i.e., an example of a RLA, either an analysis you perform or an analysis you discover Use PowerPoint format for your response

3. My initial job at Lockheed Martin was on the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program, Maintenance Planning IPT as a Maintenance Planner JSF maintenance concept is a Two-Level Repair Maintenance Concept Organizational – User level / Squadron Depot – OEM/Supplier repair facility All parts repaired at Organizational or Depot level Omits traditional Intermediate level I worked with SSA, R&M, and OEMs during System Development and Demonstration (SDD) phase to help determine the appropriate LRA for all components within my assigned system of responsibility.

4. The appropriate LRA was determined by examining: Cost of repair Required repair facilities Required Test and Support Equipment for repair Required skill level to conduct repair Existing technology for repair Complexity of sub-system parts Level of Repair was then determined for each part Organization level repair Depot level repair

5. I also worked on identifying Depot level capabilities per Title 10 to determine the LRA Examined parts to determine complexity to determine requirements for non-OEM Depot level repair facilities Non-OEM repair facilities may not have the current equipment necessary to perform a cost-beneficial support system for repair and testing of parts If not cost effective for non-OEM repair, OEM repair would be used

6. Jameela Hudson EMIS 7305 Homework 15

7. Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) • According to the Defense Acquisition University, the Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) is an analytical methodology used to determine where an item will be replaced, repaired, or discarded based on cost considerations and operational readiness requirements. • LORA produces the final answer as to how a system will be supported.

8. LORA Process (According to the U.S. Army) 1) The first step in the process is to develop a LORA candidate list; initial candidate list shall all include repairable item/components, a copy of this list shall be provided to the government. 2) The initial candidate list shall include all repairable item/components, when analyzed if they are determined not to be viable LORA candidates. These components will be annotated as not applicable (N/A). 3) Levels of Maintenance – For the purpose of this effort the following levels shall be used Field Maintenance (DS), Sustainment Maintenance (DEPOT and Contractor). 4) Remove/Replace and Repair Time - The current commercial repair/replace times will be used. If times are not available, times shall be estimated using MIL-HDBK-470A.

9. 5) Failure Rates – The current commercial failure rates will be used for the initial/baseline results. The failure rates shall be increase as stated elsewhere in this attachment. 6) Unknown DATA - Elements that do not have current or know data shall use historical data for that item/component or a like item/component; data shall be either commercial or military. 7) Special Tools – All individual Special Tools needed for repair tasks shall be added under Support Equipment. Support Equipment shall be incorporated in each evaluation. 8) All data shall be entered in COMPASS and be as complete as possible, this is to ensure that the evaluations are correct as possible.

10. Noneconomic and Economic • LORA is performed in two steps: (1 ) using noneconomic decision criteria to make the initial support decisions and ( 2 ) using an economic model to determine the most cost effective alternative to provide support for the system. • Noneconomic LORA decision criteria are a list of rules or guidelines that are used to determine if there is an overriding reason why maintenance should be performed. • Economic LORA is addressed using cost models that calculate the possible costs of all support options and then identify the least cost solution. • It should be emphasized that only the combination of economic and noneconomic will lead to a proper LORA result.

11. FMECA and FMEA • FMEA is a bottom-up, inductive analytical method which may be performed at either the functional or piece-part level. • FMECA extends FMEA by including a criticality analysis, which is used to chart the probability of failure modes against the severity of their consequences.

12. Reliability Centered Maintenance • Reliability-centered maintenance, often known as RCM, is a process to ensure that assets continue to do what their users require in their present operating context. • Reliability Centered Maintenance can be used to create a cost-effective maintenance strategy to address dominant causes of equipment failure. • It is a systematic approach to defining a routine maintenance program composed of cost-effective tasks that preserve important functions. • The important functions to preserve with routine maintenance are identified, their dominant failure modes and causes determined and the consequences of failure ascertained.

13. References: DAU - Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=28958 DAU - Level of Repair Analysis – Phase 2 https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=247035 Wikipedia - Failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_mode,_effects,_and_criticality_analysis Wikipedia – Reliability Centered Maintenance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_Centered_Maintenance

14. Student name = Ryan Denton 34427540

15. Level of Repair Analysis determines for each component in the product: • (1) whether it should be discarded or repaired upon failure • (2) at which echelon in the repair network the decision should be made

16. An example where level of repair analysis is especially important is in Capital Goods. A Naval Ship for example is more cost effective to repair, than to replace the entire system. Life cycle costs for such a system could be evaluated based on the repair/replacement costs of individual components.

17. Level of Repair analysis identifies what action to take with a component that fails, and also where the repair/replacement action should take place, ie. at maintenance depot, at sea, or in port at some other location.

18. Student name : Ollie Johnson HW 15

19. Definition: An analytical methodology used to determine where an item will be replaced, repaired, or discarded based on cost considerations and operational readiness requirements.

20. LORA Example • Assume computer stops working • At home, the user tries to locate the failure • It is determined that the BD-ROM has caused the computer to fail • The user cannot fix the BD-ROM, removes it and takes it to Best Buy • Best Buy determines the read sled has caused the BD-ROM to fail • Best Buy does not have the capability to repair • Best Buy sends the read sled to the manufacturer, Sony • Sony fault isolates the problem and fixes the read sled • Read sled is sent back to Best Buy • The read sled is fixed, which fixes the BD-ROM • The BD-ROM is inserted back into the computer to complete the repair

21. LORA Example • In this situation, a LORA would have determined: • Item: Computer, BD-ROM, Read Sled • Repair Level: Home, Best Buy, Sony • Computer Home • BD-ROM Best Buy • Read Sled Sony

22. Types of LORA • ELORA Economic Level Of Repair Analysis • The objective of the ELORA, when performed correctly, is to determine the optimum cost of repair of an end item/equipment, by taking into consideration all associated support cost drivers (e.g., manpower, support equipment, training, transportation, etc.) that would be required at each line of maintenance.

23. ELORA Example • Economic Level Of Repair Analysis • MIL-STD-1390 Example • Driven by: • Inventory cost - includes inventory administration cost, attrition cost, transportation, etc. • Support Equipment (SE) - the cost of providing the necessary SE (other than standard tools and SE) for completing a particular CM task at a given level of maintenance. • Space - required for inventory. • Labor cost - the associated cost for personnel to complete each repair task. • Training cost - the cost for upgrading and providing the necessary training to personnel performing a maintenance task at a given maintenance site and/ or shop. • Documentation - the cost for developing the required documentation for each of the maintenance options.

24. Non-ELORA Example • Non Economic Level Of Repair Analysis • Based off of predefined questions: • Is the design of the item such that repair is feasible? • Are the item's maintenance characteristics and installation such that a remove/replace strategy is feasible at first line? • Does the item have lower level subassemblies? • Does item's maintenance characteristics permit a replacement action of the sub-item? • Does the item's configuration consist of subassemblies from multiple vendors?

25. US Army Material Command • Level of Repair Analysis • Definition • COMPASS • Description • Usage • CASA • Description • LCC

26. LORA/COMPASS • Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) • Methodology used to establish the maintenance levels where items are removed and replaced to meet operational readiness requirement in an optimal and least cost fashion. • Computerized Optimization Model for Predicting and Analyzing Support Structures (COMPASS) • The US Army’s standard system LORA model also used by Navy, Marines, Air Force and NASA

27. LORA/COMPASS (cont) • Sponsored by the US Army Logistics Support Activity (LOGSA) • Main function to assist analyst in determining where items should be removed and replaced; and repaired or discarded • Calculates Least Cost Maintenance Alternative • Sensitivity Analysis • Changes in repair level assignment for an item • Total life cycle cost • Considers up to 4 levels of maintenance and supply support plus contractor support • Optimizes • Distribution of Maintenance tasks • Stocks (Floats, LRUs (line replaceable units), SRUs (shop replaceable units), and piece parts)

28. Cost Analysis Strategy Assessment • Cost Analysis Strategy Assessment (CASA) • Is a Life Cycle Cost (LCC)/Total Ownership (TOC) – Cost to the government to acquire and own a system over its useful life • Used throughout the DoD, Australian DoD, and other federal/state agencies • CASA accounting-type model • Covers the entire life of the system from initial research costs to training costs and spares • Offers strategy options and allows the user to perform sensitivity analysis on input parameters and observe the effects of such changes • Outputs • LCC estimates • Analysis • Extensive reporting and graphical capability

29. Cost Analysis Strategy Assessment • LCC Estimate • Trade-off Analyses • Repair Level Analyses • Production Rate and Quantity Analyses • Warranty Analyses • Spares Provisioning • Resource Projections • Risk and Uncertainty Analyses • Cost Driver Sensitivity Analyses • Reliability Growth Analyses • Operational Availability Analyses • Spares Optimization

30. US Navy Air systems Command • Used Joint Aviation Model (JAM) for LORA • Reports display system item ID • Listing of parts in the file • What the computer considers product availability • Documents Failure Modes (FM) • First set of data “ESTABLISHED” by Navy policy, directive or instruction i.e initial/recurring bin cost, required days stock, net price surcharge, etc • Second set of data values are “FORECAST.” i.e packaging/transportation costs, labor rates, inventory storage space cost, etc • Has adapted US Army’s COMPASS LORA model

31. US Navy Air systems Command (cont)

32. US Marine Corps Logistic Command • The US Marine Corps uses, “Marine Corps Level of Repair System Users Manual, MCLORIA”

33. Other LORA Tools • SIMLOG – optimizes maintenance resources used for Reliability, LORA, and Inventory Optimization Analysis work. Consisting of 3 modules: • OPTIM-STOCK optimization of stocks considering the cost of initial replacements and various criteria of operational performance • COST carrying out of the overall cost (Life Cycle Cost, Life Support Cost) • LORA optimization of the repair policy and the replacements with regard to overall cost of ownership and operational availability • Equipment Design Cost Analysis System (EDCAS) – LORA tool designed to identify the lowest Lifecycle Cost (LCC) from several different equipment design alternatives • Determines the level of repair solution that yields the lowest LCC for each component of a system • Takes into account requirement for spares at operating and support location • System Analyzer – intended for use in situations requiring Optimized Inventory, Level of Repair, Life Cost Analysis and Support Cost Analysis • OmegaPS Analyzer is a stand-alone software tool, can be integrated with OmegaPS LSAR (provides much of the equipment structure and relevant data)

34. Other LORA Tools (cont) • Repair Policy Analysis 90 (RPA 90) – attempts to find optimal LOR solution for a single LRU • Can model LRU fitted to multiple equipment types deployed at multiple operating locations • Designed to calculate the comparative cost of 133 different per-determined maintenance policies • Not a spares estimating tool • Customized Optimum Repair Policy Selection (CORPS) – simplistic LORA spreadsheet tool running on Microsoft Excel • Uses Poisson process to predict spares costs • Operates at single site level • Cannot support LOR decision making and should be used for rough order of magnitude cost estimations for front-end analysis and reservations

35. Student name : Gates Tyler 18843517 HW 15

36. Level of Repair Analysis Investigate/Research Repair Level Analysis (RLA), starting with lecture charts, and provide an application, i.e., an example of a RLA, either an analysis you perform or an analysis you discover Use PowerPoint format for your response

37. JAM LORA Lockheed Martin uses the Joint Aviation Model for Level of Repair Analysis on the F-35 program. Most of the documents that I have been able to access are listed as non technical ITAR data, and I am therefore unable to copy information from them and present them (even in part) here. Some of the more interesting bits, at a high level, address how LORA requirements are provided by OEM suppliers for COTS parts used on JSF aircraft. I was able to locate the supplier specification documents that outline the LORA requirements for LORA data, and found a number of resources that explain how the JSF program integrates LORA into their overarching maintenance plan. Particularly interesting was how we use Reliability Centered Maintenance Analysis to generate the flow-down requirements given to OEMs for said LORA data.

39. JAM LORA The previous slide had a process flow for generating LORA data for LORA candidates based on whether or not they fit into the JAM category. Its source document was much more detailed.

40. Student name : Stednitz 30983957 HW 15

41. Level of Repair Analysis Investigate/Research Repair Level Analysis (RLA), starting with lecture charts, and provide an application, i.e., an example of a RLA, either an analysis you perform or an analysis you discover Use PowerPoint format for your response

42. Sources • Acc.dau.mil • MIL-HDBK-502, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOK - ACQUISITION LOGISTICS, 30 May 1997

43. Definition: • Level Of Repair Analysis LORA is a prescribed procedure for defense logistics planning. LORA is performed to determine the best, most efficient location where an item can be repaired (acc.dau.mil). • Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) is an analytical methodology used to determine where an item will be replaced, repaired, or discarded based on cost considerations and operational readiness requirements. • LORA seeks to determine an optimal provision of repair and maintenance facilities to minimize overall life-cycle costs. • LORA examines not only the cost of the part to be replaced or repaired but also the skill level of personnel, tools required to perform the task, test equipment required to test the repaired product, and the facilities required to house the entire operation (acc.dau.mil). • The LORA determines if it is more cost effective to discard an item rather than attempt to repair it.

44. An example of Repair Analysis from MIL-HDBK-502, Figure 7-3. Sample Repair Analysis Summary

45. Student name : Ahmed Alosaimi HW 15

46. Approach\Purpose The purpose of this paper is for the writer to become more familiar with Repair level Analysis (RLA). Discover what it’s purpose is, where it is used, what are the input data requirements, what is the output and how it is used. There are several definitions for RLA , but the definition as printed in the old Mil-Std 1390-D and Mil-Std 1388-1A ( both of which have been cancelled) is: ”An analytical methodology used to establish the maintenance level at which an item will be replaced, repaired, or discarded based on economic and non-economic considerations and operational readiness requirements” It is an approved procedure for defense logistics support planning and should be completed during the development of the maintenance concept. . LORA seeks to determine an optimal provision of repair and maintenance facilities to minimize overall life-cycle costs.

47. Where is it used? The contractor or government may conduct RLAs. It is at the discretion of the government agency to determine what role the contractor will play in the process. If the contractor is to perform the entire LORA analysis, results of the analysis will be documented and supplied to the government for reviews and approval. Sometimes the government may require the contractor to only supply the data necessary to perform the RLA. It can be used on a complex engineering system containing thousands of assemblies, sub-assemblies, components, etc. organized into several levels of indenture and with several possible repair decisions. It should be conducted on every system acquisition program. RLA is an integral part of the systems engineering program and is applicable to all phases of the life cycle. RLA can be conducted as an economical or non economical RLA, or both. If an economical RLA is implemented, then as a prerequisite a non-economical process would be implemented.

48. Input data requirements To initiate the RLA, the end-item design is reviewed for maintenance, maintainability, reliability, and cost. This is performed to discover any design consideration which could have an effect on the repair level to be selected. Policy, design alternatives, cost drivers, user requirements, acquisition strategy and program schedule requirements all play a part in putting together the scope of the effort. Data availability and robustness also need to be included in preparing the analytical scope and any sensitivities that should be considered. It can be considered as a two-stage process that determines where an item is destined to be repaired and to what level. The results of the process are based upon an economic and non-economic rational. A non-economic RLA is based upon a set of predefined questions, as given in Figure 1. Operational environmental restrictions and other maintenance constraints that may dictated by a customer could modify this logic. Once the non-economical RLA is complete the economical RLA provides a recommended repair strategy. Input requirements to perform the analysis has 12 categories (1) system information; (2) supply; (3) common labor; (4) transportation; (5) support equipment; (6) repairmen; (7) end item; (8) LRU; (9) SRU; (10) non-repairable LRU; (11) non-repairable SRU; and (12) special.

49. Input data requirements (cont’d) (1) The system information data contains questions pertaining to how the item is to be modeled (ex. redundancy and end item floats). (2) The supply group is used for common supply related input data (ex. bin cost, documentation cost, etc.). (3) Common labor provides information used to perform maintenance tasks when no special repairman are required. (4) Examples of transportation items are; cost per pound for shipping and order and ship times. (5) Support equipment data pertains to any common or peculiar piece of support equipment required for diagnostics/repair of items being analyzed. (6) Repairmen relates to special repairmen required for performing maintenance tasks. Input requirements 7 thru 11 pertain to the items being modeled. The model can consider up to four levels of indenture (LRU, SRU, end item and piece parts). Data for the LRU’s, SRU’s and end item include: MTBF; MTTR; false removal rate; washout rate; weight and the support equipment required to repair each item. (12) The last data, special, performs special evaluations, such as discount rate and wholesale fill rate.

50. Figure 1