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1.2.4 ENTERING POLITICS 💡Important ⓌI Wonder ⍰Define
Objectives Examine African American involvement in politics after the Civil War. 💡15th Amendment gave voting rights to African American MEN. They could run and be elected to political offices.
Entering Politics 💡 Republican MOST African Americans Democrat Most Southern Whites.
From ALL Walks of Life 🙋 Blanche K Bruce The 1st African American to be elected a FULL TERM. Former slave from Mississippi. Argued against segregation. For African American rights.
From ALL Walks of Life 🙌 Hiram Rhodes Revel • 1st African American to serve Congress • Free family from Mississippi • Wanted former Confederates to respect African American rights. • Argued whites & blacks should work together
From ALL Walks of Life The things African American politicians had in COMMON💡 They were Republican. They felt pressure to succeed in working together even when they did not agree.
Local Leadership African Americans made the highest impact in politics at the state level💡 South Carolina Ⓦ Mississippi Alabama How were African Americans able to control the politics in their states?
Primary Source • WHAT is source? Essay • WHEN it was written - December 1866 • WHO wrote it - Frederick Douglass • WHERE it was written - Atlantic Magazine • WHY it was written - Explain how the right to vote for African Americans would (1)protect them by electing men to pass good laws & (2)Keep government from being too harsh
Activism • Born into a free family in Pennsylvania • Helped with Underground Railroad • Went south and founded schools for freedmen • He was Secretary of State in Florida • He fought against the Ku Klux Klan Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs💡
National Success African American leaders joined with other Republicans to pass important civil rights laws They gave the federal government power to protect black voters from violence. Local leaders helped to rewrite Confederate States' constitutions. Helped create and support black schools and churches to help freedmen who were poor and did not have job skills.
Local Failure Many southern whites threatened African Americans with violence and fought hard to keep black and white communities separated. As Democrats gained power, they passed segregation laws and ignored violent activities of groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
Black Social Organizations 💡Important ⓌI Wonder ⍰Define 1.2.6
Objective Discuss the role of benevolent? societies and other community-based organizations in African American society. ?well meaning and kindly
💡 Alonzo Herndon • former slave in Georgia. • Had only 1 year of formal education. • Businessman & property owner • Atlanta's first black millionaire. Ⓦ How was he able to become a millionaire?
💡 💡 African American Churches During slavery, most African Americans went to white churches or held services in secret. During Reconstruction African American churches gained tens of thousands of members. Churches for themselves were the first thing they controlled.
Ⓦ With what 3 things did African American leaders associate Republicans? = Abraham Lincoln Emancipation The Freedman’s Bureau +
💡 African American Churches Oldest and most important institution in the African American community after the Civil War. They grew quickly They influenced social, political & religious practices Many added African traditions, such as playing drums and singing chants.
Ⓦ Why do you think the church was important in the African American Communities?
Education • Schools were started by the Freedman’s Bureau. • White & black people from the North moved South to teach. • As schools grew, white and black schools were kept in separate schools (SEGREGATION?)
Ⓦ THINK 💡 Name three things you notice about this picture of a post Civil War classroom. • Race? 2. Age? 3. Subjects?
Black Colleges • This affected the courses offered at African American colleges After the Civil War, many former slaves did not have an elementary education. BasicLITERACY (reading & writing) had to be offered to the first generation of freed slaves.
💡 💡 Different Approaches Two MAIN debates took place about the best education for freed slaves. traditional education? with traditional subjects like math, science, and foreign languages. vocational education? Teaching how to work with their hands would be the best way to help blacks fit into white society.
Historically Black Colleges • Today there are over 100 historically black? colleges and universities in the United States. ? Colleges started for African American black students for opportunities they could not find anywhere else. Howard University in Washington D.C. was founded during Reconstruction. 💡
💡 💡 Black Success Stories During Reconstruction?, African Americans faced racism and violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan? In the South, governments passed black codes? that segregated schools and other public places. Segregation? created opportunities for African Americans. If blacks were not treated well in white-owned stores, restaurants, or hair salons, they started their own.
💡 Maggie Lena Walker: born to freed slaves during the Civil War. became a schoolteacher. worked her whole life for the success of the black community, encouraging economic independence studied accounting and eventually opened St. Luke's Penny Savings Bank. first woman to charter a bank in the United States.
💡 Chloe Spear: enslaved African brought to America around the age of 12. She and her husband ran a boardinghouse in Boston. held religious and social meetings at her house for people of all races. Her life and achievements were immortalized in a memoir? that shares her experiences and contributions to a more equal society. ? a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge?
💡 Josiah Waddle born a slave in Missouri. supported abolishing slavery and joined the armed forces. later learned the barbering trade. became the leader of a 15-piece orchestra.
