Respiratory System

1. Respiratory System Health Mr. Gross

2. The Respiratory System • The trillions of cells in the body require oxygen to carry out their vital function • The brain can go less than 10 minutes without oxygen • These cells also give off carbon dioxide, a waste product that the body must get rid of.

3. Responsibility • The cardiovascular and respiratory systems share responsibility for supplying the body with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide • The blood is the transporting fluid

4. Function of the respiratory system • Conduct air from the external environment to the alveoli • To purify, humidify and warm incoming air by the sinuses, mucus and hair

5. Breathing Process • Rib muscles pull the chest up and out • Diaphragm pulls down • A low pressure is created • Air rushes into the lungs • YouTube - The Breathing process

6. Nose • The only external part of the respiratory system which takes in air • The air is warmed by a rich network of veins • The sticky mucus produced moistens the air and traps incoming bacteria and other foreign debris

7. Nose cont. • The cilia (hair like structures)create a current that moves contaminated mucus back toward the throat where it is swallowed and digested by the stomach • When the temperature is cold these cilia become sluggish allowing mucus to accumulate in the nasal cavity and to dribble out through the nostrils explaining a runny nose

8. Sinuses • Sinuses lighten the skull • Resonance chambers for speech • Produce mucus which drain into the nasal cavity • Tear ducts also drain into the nasal cavity • Sinusitis-an inflammation of the sinuses changes voice • Sinusitis causes a vacuum leading to sinus headache located over the inflamed area

9. Mouth • Air goes directly to the lungs

10. Pharynx • Common passageway for food and air • Contain the tonsils which help with the filtration system used to trap and remove bacteria and other forms of pathogens • If the tonsils become inflamed it may cause an obstruction and the person has to breath through their mouth

11. Larynx • The larynx is the voice box • Air passes over the vocal folds causing a vibration allowing us to speak • Routes air and food into the proper channels • Houses the epiglottis the lid for the esophagus which closes off the food passage while we breath • When food or water is swallowed the epiglottis closes off the larynx • If anything other than air enters the larynx a cough reflex is triggered to expel the substance

12. Trachea • A 10-12 cm tube lined with cilia to propel mucus loaded with dust and other debris away form the lungs to the throat, where it can be swallowed or spat out • Smoking inhibits or destroys the ciliated action • Thus coughing is the only way of expelling debris

13. Primary Bronchii • Branches of the trachea which serve the lungs

14. Bronchioles • Branches of the bronchial tubes. The millions of tiny braches serve to supply air to the microscopic air sacs called alveoli

15. Alveoli • Have very thin walls which contain a network of capillaries through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the blood

16. Pleura • Provides a slippery surface in order to reduce the amount of friction between the lungs and any other structures they may touch within the chest cavity. • YouTube - Respiration 3D Medical Animation

17. Bronchitis • Inflammation of the bronchi • Wheezing, shortness of breath and coughing • Common in smokers and high area of polution • Avoid smoke, dust, fumes and air pollutants

18. Asthma • Mucous lining swells and secretions build up • Caused by exertion, emotion • YouTube - Understanding Asthma

19. Sinusitis • Inflammation of the sinuses

20. Emphysema

21. TB

22. Pneumonia