EARTH SCIENCE Review with ANSWERS

1. EARTH SCIENCE Reviewwith ANSWERS

2. 1. The diagram below shows the position of the Moon at different times during its orbit around Earth. At which position of its orbit would the Moon appear in the new-moon phase? • Position 1 • Position 2 • Position 3 • Position 4

3. 2. The Gulf Stream and other warm ocean currents form near the equator. Which of the following best explains why this is true? • Water at the equator is shallower, so the Sun can heat the water more quickly than it an heat deeper water. • By forming near the equator, warm ocean currents remove warm water and cool places along the equator. • Earth’s tilt fores current to form near the equator and to then move northward and southward as cold currents. • The equator receives the most direct rays from the Sun, so water near the equator is heated more than water at other latitudes.

4. 3. The table below shows the sunrise and sunset times in San Antonio on January 1, 2011 and July 1, 2011. Which of the following best explains why the sunrise and sunset times were not the same on both days? • Earth completes one rotation on its axis every 24 hours. • Earth is closest to the Sun when it is winter in San Antonio. • Earth completes only one revolution around the Sun every 365 days. • Earth’s tilt away from or toward the Sun is not the same in January as in July.

5. 4. Identify the moon phase… New Moon Full Moon Waxing Crescent Waning Crescent Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous 1st Quarter 3rd Quarter

6. 5. What kind of tides occur on Earth when the Moon and the Sun are positioned as shown in the diagram above? • Lunar tides • Neap tides • Solar tides • Spring tides

7. 6. Which of the following best explains the role the Sun plays in the production of wind? • The Sun heats Earth’s surfaces, and the warmest air rises. This upward movement of air causes wind. • Heat from the Sun moves both cool air and warm air from one place to another. This movement of cool air and warm air causes wind. • The Sun heat Earth’s water, as well as the air above the water. The warm air above the water becomes heavy and moves downward. This downward movement of air causes wind. • The Sun heats Earth’s different surfaces unevenly. Because warm air is lighter than cool air, the warm air rises. Heavier, cooler air then replaces the warm air. This movement of cool air to replace rising warm air causes wind.

8. 7. Identify the moon phase… New Moon Full Moon Waxing Crescent Waning Crescent Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous 1st Quarter 3rd Quarter

9. 8. Cherise observes the Moon in the phase shown below. If Cherise continues to observe the Moon, which of the following phases will she see next?

10. 9. Which of the following best describes the tides that occur on Earth when the Moon and the Sun are positioned as shown in the diagram above? • Lower than normal high tides and lower than normal low tides. • Higher than normal high tides and lower than normal low tides. • Lower than normal high tides and higher than normal low tides. • Extremely high tides and extremely low tides once during the day.

11. 10. The high-pressure system shown at Point A will be in Minnesota in about 24 hours. What kind of weather should Minnesota expect when the high-pressure system moves into the state? • Colder temperatures and rain • Warmer temperatures and rain • Colder temperatures and clear skies • Warmer temperatures and clear skies

12. 11. If the time for Earth to revolve once around the Sun increased, what would happen? • A day would be longer. • A day would be shorter. • A year would be longer. • A year would be shorter.

13. 12. Which of the following best describes the tides that occur on Earth when the Moon and the Sun are positioned as shown in the diagram above? • Lower than normal high tides and lower than normal low tides • Higher than normal high tides and lower than normal low tides • Lower than normal high tides and higher than normal low tides • Extremely high tides and extremely low tides once during the day

14. 13. Identify the moon phase… New Moon Full Moon Waxing Crescent Waning Crescent Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous 1st Quarter 3rd Quarter

15. 14. The calendar below indicates when the full moon and new moon phases appear. How are the Sun, Earth and the moon arranged on January 22? • Earth is between the sun and moon. • The moon is at a right angle to Earth and the sun. • The moon is between Earth and the sun. • The sun is between Earth and the moon.

16. 15. The Sun appears to move across the sky each day because- • Earth revolves • The Sun is actually moving across the sky • Earth rotates • Earth’s orbit changes daily

17. 16. Scientists know that many factors influence ocean currents, but two main factors are most important in causing ocean currents. These two factors are Earth’s rotation on its axis and- • Solar winds • Energy from the Sun • The Sun’s gravitational pull • Earth’s revolution around the Sun

18. Which phase comes next? 17. Which phase comes next??? Waning Crescent

19. 18. Tides are the regular rise and fall of the oceans and other large bodies of water on Earth. Tides are caused mainly by- • Earth’s tilt toward or away from the Sun • The speed of the Moon’s orbit around Earth • The gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun • The gravitational pull of the Earth and the Moon

20. 19. Which of the following best defines the universe? • Cloud of gas and dust floating in space; “birthplace” of stars • A collection of stars, gases and dust held together by gravity • The Sun along with the planets, their moons, and all other bodies that orbit it • Totality of everything that exists, including planets, stars, galaxies space and time

21. Which phase comes next? 20. Which phase comes next??? Waxing Gibbous

22. 21. The Sun is only an average-sized star when compared to other stars in the universe. However, for Earth and other planets in the solar system, the Sun is very important. Which of the following best explains why the Sun is a critical part of the solar system? • The Sun is the largest and brightest star in the Milky Way Galaxy. • The Sun is the only star that can support a solar system that includes planets like Earth. • The Sun provides energy to Earth, and its gravitational pull holds the solar system together. • The Sun provides enough heat and light for all the planets in the solar system to support life.

23. Which phase comes next? 22. Which phase comes next??? New Moon

24. 23. Warm and cold air masses move continuously across the Earth’s surface, as shown below. These air masses are responsible for- • Ocean tides • Seasonal changes • Increased air pollution • Local weather conditions

25. 24. Hurricanes can form only under certain conditions. Which of the following must be present for a hurricane to form in the Atlantic Ocean? • Cool temperatures • Ocean currents • Strong winds • Warm water

26. 25. Astronomers use the light year as a unit of measure. A light year is used to measure- • Distance • Energy • Speed • Time

27. Which phase comes next? 26. Which phase comes next??? Third Quarter

28. 27. What kinds of tides occur on Earth when the Moon and the Sun are positioned as shown in the diagram above? • Lunar tides • Neap tides • Solar tides • Spring tides

29. 28. Based on the map, which state should expect rainy weather in 24 hours? • California • Florida • Ohio • Washington

30. 29. Energy from warm ocean waters “fuels” hurricanes as they form. The warm ocean waters gain their energy from- • Gravity • High tides • Ocean currents • The Sun

31. Which phase comes next? 30. Which phase comes next??? Full Moon