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Reflections on Revolution: Power, Violence, and Change in Historical Context

This reflection examines two significant quotes about power and violence by Mao Zedong and Mohandas Gandhi, exploring their implications on revolution and social change. Mao's assertion that "political power grows out of the barrel of a gun" suggests a belief in violent revolution, while Gandhi's view highlights the futility of victory through violence, presenting a moral stance against it. The contrasting ideas invite a critical analysis of the effectiveness and ethics of revolutionary actions as seen through the lens of the Russian Revolution and the conditions that led to societal upheaval.

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Reflections on Revolution: Power, Violence, and Change in Historical Context

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  1. Tuesday, February 25, 2014 Reflection #1: Revolutions “political power grows out of the barrel of a gun”. -Mao Zedong, Chinese Communist leader “Victory attained by violence is tantamount [the same as] to a defeat for it is momentary”. -Mohandas Gandhi, leader of the independence movement in India For the following quotes, answer the following questions about both: #1 what does Mao Zedon’s quote mean to you? #2 what does Mohandas Gandhi’s quote mean to you? #3 which quote do you agree with? Why? What do you think this quote means?

  2. 14.1 Revolutions in Russia Spring 2014

  3. Setting the Stage Russian Revolution was a long time coming Oppressive rule of most 19th century czars caused social unrest for decades 1881—revolutionaries assassinated reform-minded Czar Alexander II

  4. Czars Resist Change • Alexander III takes power • Stopped reforms • Strict censorship & secret police watched citizens • Oppressed all non-Russians, especially Jews • Pogroms—organized violence against Jews • Citizens destroyed homes, stores, synagogues • Nicholas II, his son, continued this harsh rule

  5. Russia Industrializes Slower than other countries, but by 1900 was #4 in steel production Built Trans-Siberian Railway, the longest continuous rail line in the world Terrible & dangerous living & working conditions Unions were outlawed

  6. Russia Industrializes Cont. • Revolutionaries worked together to improve conditions & followed Karl Marx’s teachings • The Bolsheviks, wanted drastic action & would sacrifice anything for the revolution • Led by a ruthless & skilled speaker, Vladimir Lenin • Lenin fled after the Czar cracked down

  7. Crisis at Home and Abroad • 1904-1917 series of crises that showed the Czar’s weaknesses & revolutionaries took power • The Russo-Japanese War • Russia lost to Japan for control of Manchuria  revolt • Bloody Sunday (1905)---military killed hundreds of workers who had gathered to ask for relief

  8. Crises at Home and Abroad Cont. • WWI: The Final Blow • Russia unprepared for war economically & militarily • Czar lost control of Russia, soldiers wouldn’t fight, people were starving • Czar’s wife fell under the influence of an odd monk named Rasputin, who spread corruption throughout the gov’t

  9. The March Revolution • March 1917--women textile workers started a strike protesting against working conditions & an end to WWI • Soldiers later joined in • Czar Nicholas II forced to step down & replaced by a provisional gov’t led by Alexander Kerensky, who kept Russia in WWI • Soviets, or local councils of workers, peasants, & soldiers were formed to further a Communist revolution • Lenin returns to Russia

  10. The Bolshevik Revolution • The Soviets supported Lenin & the Bolsheviks, rallying behind his slogan of “Peace, Land, and Bread” • Nov. 1917, another workers strike kicked Kerensky’s provisional gov’t out • Lenin took over • Gave land to peasants & factories to workers • Signed treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending the war with Germany • Germany given Russian land

  11. The Bolshevik Revolution Cont. • Civil war starts due to loss of land & rise of Bolsheviks –lasts 2 years • “Red” Bolsheviks vs “White” Russians • Fighting and famine followed killing 15 million Russians • Lenin’s Red Army won

  12. Lenin Restores Order • Creates “New Economic Plan” • Some private ownership of property • Gov’t controls major industry • Sets up the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union) • Renames Bolsheviks the Communist Party & adopted a true dictatorship

  13. Stalin Becomes Dictator • Lenin died in 1924 & Joseph Stalin took power • Stalin meaning “man of steel” in Russian • Was cold, hard, & impersonal

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