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Case Report: Amniotic Band Syndrome and Its Anomalies in a Stillborn Infant at 24 Weeks Gestation

This case study discusses a 34-year-old female patient with a history of asthma and a stillbirth at 24 weeks (24/40) gestation. The stillborn male infant presented with multiple congenital abnormalities including congenital absence of the left lower arm and hand, acute intrauterine death (IUD), and macerated appearance. Notably, the case highlights the occurrence of Amniotic Band Syndrome, which can lead to various deformities and complications for the fetus, as well as the associated placental issues. This report reviews the background, prevalence, and possible pathogenesis theories relevant to Amniotic Band Syndrome.

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Case Report: Amniotic Band Syndrome and Its Anomalies in a Stillborn Infant at 24 Weeks Gestation

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  1. PM 258/04;S0417556 Dr R Shatwan UCHGalway

  2. Clinical • 34 yo female, Para 0, O Pos. • Asthma • Stillbirth @ 24/40 • Macerated male, 450g. • Congenital absence (L) lower arm and hand

  3. Placenta

  4. Placenta

  5. Pancreas

  6. Summary Immature Placenta • Multiple Recent Placental Infarcts • Amniotic Band Syndrome • Macerated Male • 24/40 Gestation • Left Forearm Deformity • Acute IUD • Pancreatic Islet Hyperplasia ( gestational DM?)

  7. Amniotic Band Syndrome • Early Amnion Rupture Spectrum • Not Rare: 1/2000 Newborns • Sporadic • Trauma • Negligible Recurrence Risk

  8. Anencephaly Facial Distortion/Proboscis Usual Facial Clefting Eye Defects, Encephalocoele, Meningocoele Placenta Attached to Head and/or Abdomen No Limb Defects 3 Weeks

  9. Usual Cleft Lip Choanal Atresia Limb Reduction/ Polydactyly/ Syndactyly Abdominal Wall Defects Thoracic Wall Defects Scoliosis 5 Weeks

  10. Cleft Palate ( Robin ) Ear Deformation Craniostenosis, plus Short Umbilical Cord Omphalocoele Amniotic Bands Amputation Hypoplasia Pseudosyndactyly Distal Lymphoedema Foot Deformation Hip Dislocation No Internal Anomalies 7 Weeks Onward

  11. Later • Oligohydramnios Deformation Sequence

  12. Amniotic Band Syndrome and Twins • 18 published reports • 17 cases in MZ twins • 1 case in DZ twins • 13/17: 1 twin affected • 4/17: both • 2/13: 1 affected, + 1 acardius anomaly

  13. Pathogenesis • Exogenous Theory • Endogenous Theory • Vascular Theory

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