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Explore the extensive influence of the Northern Renaissance on art, literature, and music in European countries, focusing on key figures like Shakespeare, Albrecht Dürer, and William Byrd. Discover how individualism, humanism, and Italian artistic styles shaped the cultural landscape of the era.
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Renaissance in the NorthChapter 14 • Ideas spread northward • huge impact on the culture of the northern European countries • English drama reaches a high point (Shakespeare) • Northern Renaissance emphasis on individualism
Spread of Humanism • Francis I (r. 1515-1547) imported Italian artists (e.g., Leonardo da Vinci) • Charles V ruled Holy Roman Empire and Spain till 1556. Invaded Italy (Rome in 1527) • Elizabeth I in England made her court a center of art and learning • Shakespeare heavily indebted to esp. Roman authors
Art in Germany Albrecht Dürer - In Italy, studied linear perspective and human anatomy Matthias Grünewald - seems to connect more with Medieval Art than Ren
Art in the Netherlands(see pp. 340-1) Hieronymus Bosch Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Music in Elizabethan England • Shows influence of Italian Renaissance • 1588 Musica Transalpina (Music from across the Alps) • see p. 347 • Thomas Morley • wrote many Madrigals • William Byrd • wrote for virginal (see iTunes Pavana Lachrymae) • John Dowland • ayres (airs) • melancholy songs for voice and lute • “Flow, My Tears” • lute virtuoso • his music very popular with classical guitarist today
Drama in England • strongly impacted by the Italian Renaissance • with the printing press books became plentiful and cheaper • spread of literacy • Classical dramas of Seneca and others became popular • traveling groups of actors formed • Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the two best know dramatists from this period
William Shakespeare(see pp. 350-352) • 1564-1616 • “universally acknowledged as the greatest writer in the English language” • little know of his life • by 1592 is an actor and playwright in London • Tragedies, Comedies, and Histories • “Through his protagonist, [he] explores the great problems of human existence…”