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21.2:

21.2:. Social Control and its Limits. A. The Prohibition Movement. Many middle-class progressives worried about the increased numbers of urban immigrants and sought methods of social control. Groups developed to end the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol.

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21.2:

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  1. 21.2: Social Control and its Limits

  2. A. The Prohibition Movement • Many middle-class progressives worried about the increased numbers of urban immigrants and sought methods of social control. • Groups developed to end the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol. • The Women’s Christian Temperance Union became the largest women’s organization in America. • They pushed for temperance laws as well as non-temperance laws such as women suffrage, homeless shelters, and prison reform. • The Anti-Saloon League was focused on the temperance issue. • They played on anti-urban and anti-immigrant sentiments. • Native-born, small town and rural Protestants generally supported prohibition while recent immigrants opposed it.

  3. B. The Social Evil • Reformers also attacked prostitution, an illicit trade that was connected with corrupt city machines. • A national movement used the media to try to ban the “white slave” traffic allegedly promoted by foreigners. • Progressives investigated prostitution and documented its dangers, though they were unable to understand why women took it up. • Progressive reform helped close down brothels, but they were replaced by more vulnerable street-walkers.

  4. *NOT A REQUIRED READING*The Redemption of Leisure • Reformers were aghast at the new urban commercial amusements, such as amusement parks, vaudeville, and the most popular venue, the movies. • These began to replace municipal parks, libraries, museums, YMCAs, and school recreation centers. • Early movies were most popular in tenement districts with immigrants. • Movies became more sophisticated and began to attract the middle class. • New York City reformers, along with movie producers and exhibitors, established the National Board of Censorship.

  5. Standardizing Education • For many progressives, the school was the key agency to break down the parochial ethnic neighborhood and “Americanize” immigrants. • Expansion and bureaucratization characterized educational development as students started earlier and stayed later in school. • High school evolved as comprehensive institutions that offered college preparatory and vocational education.

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