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Progressive Era Reforms: Social Control & Challenges

This title covers the Progressive Era reforms focusing on social control initiatives like the Prohibition Movement and challenges faced in tackling social evils such as prostitution. It also touches on the need for standardizing education to assimilate immigrants. The Women’s Christian Temperance Union and Anti-Saloon League played crucial roles in pushing for temperance laws. Progressives also worked towards reforming the social evils of prostitution, ultimately leading to the establishment of regulatory bodies like the National Board of Censorship for movies. Educational reforms aimed to Americanize immigrants through schools and expand educational opportunities. Progressives aimed to address urban issues and promote moral values during this period.

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Progressive Era Reforms: Social Control & Challenges

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  1. 21.2: Social Control and its Limits

  2. A. The Prohibition Movement • Many middle-class progressives worried about the increased numbers of urban immigrants and sought methods of social control. • Groups developed to end the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol. • The Women’s Christian Temperance Union became the largest women’s organization in America. • They pushed for temperance laws as well as non-temperance laws such as women suffrage, homeless shelters, and prison reform. • The Anti-Saloon League was focused on the temperance issue. • They played on anti-urban and anti-immigrant sentiments. • Native-born, small town and rural Protestants generally supported prohibition while recent immigrants opposed it.

  3. B. The Social Evil • Reformers also attacked prostitution, an illicit trade that was connected with corrupt city machines. • A national movement used the media to try to ban the “white slave” traffic allegedly promoted by foreigners. • Progressives investigated prostitution and documented its dangers, though they were unable to understand why women took it up. • Progressive reform helped close down brothels, but they were replaced by more vulnerable street-walkers.

  4. *NOT A REQUIRED READING*The Redemption of Leisure • Reformers were aghast at the new urban commercial amusements, such as amusement parks, vaudeville, and the most popular venue, the movies. • These began to replace municipal parks, libraries, museums, YMCAs, and school recreation centers. • Early movies were most popular in tenement districts with immigrants. • Movies became more sophisticated and began to attract the middle class. • New York City reformers, along with movie producers and exhibitors, established the National Board of Censorship.

  5. Standardizing Education • For many progressives, the school was the key agency to break down the parochial ethnic neighborhood and “Americanize” immigrants. • Expansion and bureaucratization characterized educational development as students started earlier and stayed later in school. • High school evolved as comprehensive institutions that offered college preparatory and vocational education.

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