WATER BALANCE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA

1. WATER BALANCE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA Stevan Prohaska & Vesna Ristic, University of Belgrade, The Faculty of Mining and Geology Serbia and Montenegro

2. The central part of the Balkan Peninsula is the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro • Hydrometeorogical weather series of same length were used for defining both water balance elements from 1946 to 1991. • Spatial location of the area is presented in next picture

4. The water from the territory is discharged into three seas: • Adriatic, • Black and • Aegean. • Besides, large European watercourses run through this area, such as rivers • Danube, • Tisa, • Drava, • Sava and • Tamis.

5. To assess the available water regime, that is the water potential, results of processing 163 water meter station profiles were used for the observed area • the following indicators of water regime were defined: • average flows, • small and large watercourses and • other elements of water balance.

6. Chart of specific discharge of the State Union Serbia and Montenegro

7. Isohyets chart of average sum of precipitation in State Union Serbia and Montenegro

8. South-west, east and southern parts are richer with water than northern and central ones • Mountainous areas gain larger quantities of precipitations and have bigger discharge coefficients, specific discharges from these terrains are bigger than 20 l/s/km2. • In northern and central parts of the areas, in the lowland and hilly countryside,, specific discharges are mainly less than 6 l/s/km2.

9. the smallest yield was registered on the territory of Vojvodina and in catchment areas of Velika Morava and Kolubara (from 2 to 5 l/s/km2) • The most yielding are catchment areas on the territory of Montenegro, where it is within the limits of 30 to 60 l/s/km2 • At the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, it is from 4.7 to 38.9 l/s/km2.

10. Discharge distribution within a year at the territory is also very uneven Modular discharge coefficient on the territory of Serbia and Montenegro

11. A review of basic elements of water balance at the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro

12. According to the presented values it can be seen that averagely during mentioned period (1946-1991) at the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro • falls around 89.9 billion m3 of water. • River systems discharge 34.8 billion m3 of their own water, which makes 39% of total fallen water, • 55.2 billion m3 returns to the atmosphere by evaporation, that is 61%. • Total transit water amounts to 154.8 billion m3, • which means that total discharge from the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro is 189.6 billion m3.

13. At the territory of Serbia, annually, falls approximately 64.9 m3 of water. • Of this quantity, approximately 16 billion m3 is discharged, that is approximately 25%. • The rest of 48.8 billion m3 returns into atmosphere by evapotranspiration. • Beside this, approximately 162.2 billion m3 of water flows at the territory of Serbia in watercourses, so the total discharge from this area is approximately 178.7 billion m3. • At the territory of Montenegro, 25.1 billion m3 of water falls in total, and flows 18.8 billion m3, which is 75% of the fallen water. • Evapotranspiration returns into atmosphere approximately 6.3 billion m3 of water. • Montenegro mostly disposes its own water, so the problem of transit water at its territory is not dominant.

14. The review of water wealth assessment at the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro

15. Based on the presented values it can be concluded that the State Union Serbia and Montenegro, with available 3.344 m3/cap of its own water, belongs to the category of countries poor with water. • Montenegro, according to its water, belongs to the countries very rich with water, the riches with water among the European countries. • Serbia wholly belongs to the category of countries very poor with water. All its administrative territories are also very poor with water. • Central Serbia is slightly richer in relation to Kosovo and Metohija, while Vojvodina is very poor. • In relation to Kosovo and Metohija, Vojvodina, whose area is twice bigger, has double less available own water per capita.

16. Water wealth of transit water at the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro

17. Total water wealth at the territory of State Union Serbia and Montenegro

18. According to total quantities of water, • State Union Serbia and Montenegro belongs to the category of countries rich with water. • Serbia, also, comes into this category, • Montenegro is very rich with water. • Within Serbia, the situation is heterogeneous. • Vojvodina, according to total water quantities, is still on the upper border of very rich countries. • Serbia itself stays in category of countries poor with water, • Kosovo and Metohija are on the level of countries very poor with water, due to large population density.

19. The amount of water of State Union Serbia and Montenegro (own water) is relatively small (18%) in relation to the transit water (82%). • The water formed on the territory of Serbia is very humble and are less than 9% of totally available water, but from other territories inflow about 91% of totally available water • Montenegro, belongs to the countries very rich with water, although it is a paradox that the country has significant problems with water supplying, especially in summer periods.