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Native and Colonial America

Native and Colonial America. Unit I AP U.S. History. Natives. Bering Sea land bridge Nomads Agriculturally-based (maize/corn) Hopewells/Mississippian Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy. Native Map of North America. Europe. Renaissance (rebirth)

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Native and Colonial America

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  1. Native and Colonial America Unit I AP U.S. History

  2. Natives • Bering Sea land bridge • Nomads • Agriculturally-based (maize/corn) • Hopewells/Mississippian • Iroquois • Iroquois Confederacy

  3. Native Map of North America

  4. Europe • Renaissance (rebirth) • Growth of Nation-States (England, France, Spain, Portugal) • Protestant Reformation and Religious Wars • Counter-Reformation • Lutheranism • Calvinism • Church of England

  5. England • Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval power • Population increases • Joint-stock companies develop • Religious conflicts divide the nation • Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions

  6. European Colonization • Columbus in 1492 spearheads European intervention into America • Relations with natives • Encomienda system and asiento system

  7. Smallpox

  8. Columbian Exchange

  9. Treaty of Tordesillas

  10. European Colonies

  11. English Colonies • Corporate Colony • Proprietary Colony • Royal Colony • Charters • Attempted with Roanoke in 1585 • Jamestown, Virginia in 1607

  12. Who is this?

  13. Oh yeah…Pocahontas

  14. Disney’s John Smith

  15. Hollywood’s John Smith

  16. This is John Smith.

  17. Pilgrims • Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia • Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters • Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth

  18. Mayflower Compact

  19. The Mayflower (II)

  20. Look, a big rock.

  21. Wampanoag Dwelling

  22. Plymouth Colony

  23. Pulpit/Religion

  24. Thirteen Colonies

  25. New England • Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) • John Winthrop and “city upon a hill” • Providence, Rhode Island, and Roger Williams (1636) • Portsmouth and Anne Hutchinson (1638) • Hartford, New Haven, Connecticut, and Thomas Hooker (1636-1637) • New Hampshire (1679)

  26. New England Culture • Massachusetts under strict Puritanical lifestyle • Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693) • Religious toleration and dissent lead to Rhode Island • Halfway Covenant: attempt to increase members • Education by mothers • Towns with over 50 families required primary schools; 100, grammar schools

  27. New England Politics • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) • New England Confederation (1643-1648) • King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676)

  28. Middle Colonies • New Amsterdam transferred to Duke of York in 1664 to become New York • Lands taken from New York to establish New Jersey by 1702 • Develop wheat and corn farms and eventually into manufacturing and trade • Delaware created by Pennsylvania (1702) • Education by private or churches

  29. Pennsylvania • William Penn establishes Quaker-based colony in Pennsylvania (1681) • Religious Society of Friends aka Quakers • Holy Experiment • Religious refuge • Liberal political ideals • Economic success • Frame of Government and Charter of Liberties

  30. Southern Colonies • Maryland (1632) • Virginia (1609) • Carolinas (1663) • North Carolina (1729) • South Carolina (1729) • Georgia (1732) • Limited education due to agricultural base

  31. Virginia • Becomes royal colony in 1624 • Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) • Inequities between large landowners and western farmers • Nathanial Bacon vs. William Berkeley • Headright System • 50 acres to each paying immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrant

  32. Maryland • Lord Baltimore establishes colony for Catholics • Act of Toleration (1649) • Toleration of all Christian sects • Death to those who denied Jesus • Religious civil war brought control to Protestants

  33. Carolinas • North Carolina • Tobacco plantations • Well-established autonomy • South Carolina • Rice plantations • Became heavily dependent on slavery

  34. Georgia • James Oglethorpe establishes in 1732 • Defensive buffer to Spanish Florida • Debtors colony

  35. Colonial Religion • Diverse among colonies regarding strict adherence and religious toleration • Domination by Protestants; little influence of Anglican Church; other sects and denominations viewed as bizarre • The Great Awakening (1730s-1740s) • Over time, economics became prominent over religious conviction • Jonathan Edwards and “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” • George Whitefield • Development of evangelism and individual faith

  36. Colonial Culture/Society Rural - Becoming American - Pragmatism - Folkways Urban

  37. Typical Colony Layout

  38. Immigration • 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775 • Europeans and Africans along with a high birth rate • Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoil • English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish  OLD IMMIGRANTS • Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and slave labor

  39. Slavery • Indentured servitude • Labor shortages lead to importing slaves • Cheap labor • Dependable work force • Slave laws

  40. Slave Demographics

  41. Mercantilism and Triangle Trade • Colonies for the Mother Country • Acts of Navigation • Trade on English ships • Imports pass English ports • Exports to England • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage

  42. Colonial Economics • Land was “gold” • No established monetary system (gold and silver) • Transportation • Rivers and coasts • Horse and carriage led to taverns and postal services • New England • Limited land led to shipbuilding, fishing, trading • Middle Colonies • Wheat and corn fields; manufacturing and trade • Southern Colonies • Tobacco, rice, indigo plantations based on forced labor

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