1 / 29

Cold War

Cold War. 1945-1989. What, Who, When, Where, Why, How?. What is a Cold War? A war where two enemies don’t actually fight Who is involved? U.S. & U.S.S.R (Soviet Union) When? 1945-1989 Where? Around the world – Germany, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba… Why are we fighting?

hesper
Télécharger la présentation

Cold War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cold War 1945-1989

  2. What, Who, When, Where, Why, How? • What is a Cold War? • A war where two enemies don’t actually fight • Who is involved? • U.S. & U.S.S.R (Soviet Union) • When? • 1945-1989 • Where? • Around the world – Germany, Korea, Vietnam, Cuba… • Why are we fighting? • U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism • How is the war fought? • Arms race – both sides build up their nuclear weapons • Back and forth threats

  3. How Does It Begin? Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin

  4. Yalta Conference • Germany divided into 4 zones run by Allies • United Nations formed (50 nations) • Declaration of Liberated Europe 1. People of Europe can create their own government as long as it is not Nazi or fascist 2. U.S., Great Britain, & Russia will: • Establish peace in their countries • Provide aid to people who need it • Form temporary governments that represent democratic society & free elections

  5. 1948 Berlin Blockade • Truman wanted a united Germany • Soviet Union felt threatened by united Germany • Berlin caught in the middle of the unification • Stalin sent troops to block all traffic/supplies to Berlin from the rest of Germany • Berlin airlift – 10 months to prevent war • Stalin stopped in May 1949 but Germany divided • East Germany – Communist • West Germany – allied to U.S.

  6. Iron Curtain – Churchill 1946 • What was the term used to stop the spread of communism? - Containment • How did the U.S. help stop the spread of communism? - Truman Doctrine - Provide aid (money) to threatened countries (nonmilitary) - Marshall Plan – U.S. gave $13 billion to help into Western Europe

  7. Build Up & Alliances Formed • UN – United Nations, June 1945, 50 countries joined to settle international disputes & prevent future wars • NATO – 1949 - 10 European countries agreed to help if attacked by the Soviets • Warsaw Pact – 1955 – Soviets allied with Eastern European countries • NSC – 1950 – U.S. releases report vowing to stop spread of communism • 1949 – Mao Zedong – China becomes communist

  8. The Cold War: 1945-1960

  9. The Cold War: 1960-1991

  10. Korean War 1950 • North Korea remains communist & South Korea democratic • Demilitarized Zone – U.S. troops help protect

  11. Rivalry • 1956 – Egypt seizes Suez Canal & Europeans invade eventually U.S. & Soviets got them to pull out • Nov. 1956 – Hungarian students rebel against communist government & Soviet military crushes revolt; Eisenhower condemns actions, but doesn’t intervene • Geneva Summit – NATO leaders & Soviets agree to coexist – compete but NO war

  12. Rivalry Continues • Kennedy creates Peace Corps to provide economic relief to counteract appeal of communism • 1959 – Fidel Castro takes over Cuba and aligns with Soviets • April 1961 – Bay of Pigs – U.S. failed to spark uprising in Cuba • Aug. 1961 – Berlin Wall built

  13. Brink of Nuclear War • Oct. 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis • Spy planes saw Soviets building launch pad in Cuba • Kennedy sets up blockade • Threatens – if ship tries to break blockade he’d use nuclear weapons • 5 days later Soviets agreed to leave Cuba & U.S. would not invade

  14. Vietnam War 1941-1975 • Ho Chi Minh (communist) – defeated Japanese during WWII & afterwards French colonist • Geneva Accords – temporarily divide Vietnam into North & South and then unify after 1956 elections • 1955 – American supported Ngo Dinh Diem refused elections & cracked down on communism • 1959 – Communists set up the National Liberation Front (Vietcong) to begin war against Diem • Eisenhower sent money, Kennedy sent Special Forces • Gulf of Tonkin – Pres. Johnson sends troops in after alleged attack on U.S. ship • After years of fighting, large opposition to U.S. involvement in war • Years of fighting – April 1975 – South Vietnam surrenders to North

  15. Rivalry Continues • Dec. 1979 – Soviets invade Afghanistan, Pres. Carter orders sanctions

  16. Impact on American Culture • Arms Race • Duck & Cover and Fallout Shelters • Red Scare • McCarthyism – accusations without proof • HUAC • Rosenbergs, Alger Hiss, Hollywood Ten • Blacklists • Space Race – Oct. 1957 Soviet Sputnik launched causes NASA program

  17. Peace attempts • 1963 - Kennedy & Khrushchev agree to hot line between Moscow & Washington • 1963 - Treaty banning nuclear tests aboveground and underwater • 1971 – Nixon’s “Ping-Pong Diplomacy” – secret talks between U.S. & China forging closer ties • 1972 – Nixon’s Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) – restricted the number of certain types of nuclear missiles built by U.S. & Soviets • 1987 – Reagan & Gorbachev sign Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) – reduce number of nuclear weapons in arsenals

  18. President’s Policies • Eisenhower – Brinkmanship – “Domino Theory” • Kennedy – continues arms race, flexible response – used specially trained military groups to fight guerilla wars in nations fighting communism • Johnson – Vietnam War – stop spread of communism • Nixon – • Vietnamization – plan for South to take more active role & U.S. start to remove troops, but continued to bomb Cambodia and Laos • Détente – attempt to relax international tensions, needed a balance of power to make peace with Soviets • Ford – Continues detente • Carter – Human Rights activist – Cuba, Latin America, South Africa • Reagan – Rejected containment & détente • Military build up – “Star Wars” antimissile defense system

  19. End of Cold War • 1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev commits to reforming Soviet government • 1990 – Bush & Gorbachev sign Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) – destroy existing nuclear weapons • Throughout Eastern Europe communist governments fell • Nov. 9, 1989 – Berlin Wall comes down & Germany is united • Dec. 25, 1991 – Yelstin outlawed Communist Party in Russia & Gorbachev announces end of Soviet Union

  20. Free –Democracy - Government – Private – CapitalismRepublicans – Communism – 1 – 2 - Communist • In the United States businesses are owned by _____________ citizens. • In the Soviet Union the ___________ owns the businesses. • There is only __ political party in the Soviet Union, it is the ________ party. • Americans have __ major political parties, the Democrats and the _________. • In America you can read about anything you want to because America has a _______ press. • The Russians live under a political and economic system called________________. • The Americans live under an economic system called__________. • Americans like to think of their country as being a ___________ because the majority rules in most cases. • Citizens in the Soviet Union are given their jobs by the _____________. • In the Soviet Union all the factories and companies are owned by the _____________.

  21. The U.S. or The Soviet Union? • Free Elections • Communist • Everybody helps everyone else • Capitalist • No Elections – Or Fixed • Survival of the Fittest • Freedom of the Media • Democratic • Total Censorship • Dictatorship

More Related