1 / 17

Impact of Heating Systems on Pollutant Deposition in Churches

Study on the influence of different heating systems on particulate and gaseous pollutants in churches in cold climates, using analytical methods like EDXRF, EPMA, and diffusion tubes. Findings show respective effects of hot air blowing, electrical heating, and infra-red heaters.

hide
Télécharger la présentation

Impact of Heating Systems on Pollutant Deposition in Churches

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Influence of different types of heating systems on particulate and gaseous pollutant deposition: the case of churches situated in a cold climate Z. Spolnik1, A. Worobiec1, L. Bencs1,2, L. Samek3, V. Kontozova1, R. Van Grieken1 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium 2 Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary 3 University of Mining and Metallurgy, Krakow, Poland

  2. The church of Rocca Pietore, Italian Alps.

  3. Investigated heating systems in Rocca Pietore: 1. Hot air blowing heating system (HA) 2. Electrical heated pews(El)

  4. Chuch of Szalowa, Poland

  5. Provisory electrical heaters (IR) Investigated heating systems in Szalowa:

  6. Used analytical methods: Particulate pollution • Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) – analysis of bulk samples. 2.Single particle analysis by ultra thin window EPMA – analysis of size-segregated samples. Gaseous pollutants • The sampling of NO2, SO2 and O3 gases by diffusion tubes (radiello, Italy). • Analysis – ion chromatography and UV-VIS • spectrophotometry

  7. Energy Dispersive XRF (EDXRF) • Analyses of the filters were performed on a Tracor Spectrace 5000 EDXRF instrument. • The measured intensities were converted into elemental concentration by application of the AXIL program code. • Low – Z elements analysis by EPMA • JEOL 733 electron probe micro analyser with OXFORD Pentafet EDX detector super atmospheric thin window (U = 10 kV, I = 1 nA) • Liquid-nitrogen-cooled sample stage (T= -193 °C) Classification of particles • Non-hierarchical cluster analysis using Forgy algorithm was applied as statistical method for characterisation of the particles. • Classification of the particles was based on the elemental weight concentrations.

  8. HAOn HAOff ElOn ElOff IROn IROff Particulate pollution: results of EDXRF 500 400 300 x10-1 Concentration, ng/m3 200 100 0 K Ca S

  9. HAOn 100 HAOff ElOn ElOff 80 IROn IROff X10-1 Concentration, ng/m 3 60 X10-1 40 X10-1 X10-1 20 0 Fe Al Si Cl Zn Ti Pb Particulate pollution: results of EDXRF

  10. CONCLUSIONS • Hot air blowing heating system deteriorates the plastered walls and re-suspends soil dust brought by visitors from outside; • Electrical heating system re-suspends the • particulate matter brought from outside; • However the concentrations go down very fast • after the heating is switched off. • Infra-red heaters do not influence the re- • suspension.

  11. 100% 90% 80% 70% (NH4)2SO4 Na-rich 60% Fe-O-rich relative abundance 50% Ca-O-rich ORG+AlSi 40% ALSI ORG 30% 20% 10% 0% Hot air (off) Hot air (on) Electrical (off) Electrical (on) IR (off) IR (on) Type of heating system Results of EPMA – single particle analysis Fine particle fraction

  12. Agglomerates 100% NaCl SiO2+org 80% Na-S-O-rich Fe-O-rich 60% Relative abundance Ca-O-rich 40% Ca-rich+org AlSi 20% Organic 0% Hot air (off) Hot air (on) Electrical (off) Electrical (on) IR (off) IR (on) Type of the heating system Results of EPMA – single particle analysis Coarse particle fraction

  13. CONCLUSIONS We assume that: • All the heating systems re-suspend particulate matter broughtfrom outside. • According the intensity of the re-suspension, the investigated heating systems can be placed in the following order: • Hot-air blowing system • Electrical heated pews • Infra red heaters.

  14. Only the hot air blowing heating system • could generate pure organic particles. • The application of hot air blowing heating • system also provoked the deterioration of • the plastered walls creating an extra internal • source of Ca. • The surface of the plastered walls is violated • anddeterioration process continuesafter • thechanging ofthe heating system.

  15. Gaseous pollutants (µg/m3) NO2 in Antwerpen museum (inside) 23-34 µg/m3

  16. CONCLUSIONS • The existence of an internal source of NO2 • caused by the combustion of diesel oil in the • fuel-chamber and/or burning candle is assumed. • However we assume that the concentrations • of NO2 found inside the church of Rocca Pietore • are not dangerous for the art works stored there.

  17. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

More Related