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Understanding Iraq: History, Culture, and Current Challenges

Explore the rich history of Iraq, from the ancient Sumerians to modern challenges. This informative material covers early civilizations in Mesopotamia, the significant impact of the Persian Empire, and the rise of Islam. It chronicles the 20th-century events leading to the Iraq-Iran War, the Gulf War, and the U.S. invasion post-9/11. Additionally, gain insights into Iraq's diverse population, cultural dynamics, and ongoing efforts to rebuild the nation after decades of conflict.

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Understanding Iraq: History, Culture, and Current Challenges

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  1. Do Now: • Grab the Country that Isn't worksheetin the basket- read and complete questions • You may need a calculator

  2. The Middle East: Iraq Objective: To recognize and discuss the history, people, culture, and current day situation of Iraq.

  3. Part I History:

  4. Early Civilizations of Mesopotamia 3000 BC • Ancient Sumerians settle in Southern Mesopotamia • Ancient Sumerians built the world’s 1st cities.

  5. The Persian, Hellenistic & Classical Periods: 500 BC Arabs conquer Mesopotamia People begin to convert to Islam 600 A.D. • The Persian Empire conquered Mesopotamia • The Empire later became part of the famous Alexander the Greats’ large Empire

  6. The Post- Classical Period & the 20th c.: 1500 AD 1921 After WWI, Great Britain takes over the region- mandates British put King Feisal- Son of ruler of Mecca (an outsider) in power • Mesopotamia becomes part of the Ottoman Empire

  7. The 20th c. Iraq: 1958 1968 Ba’ath leader Saddam Hussein becomes the President of Iraq 1979 • British installed monarchy overthrown & internal revolts • Socialist Ba’ath Party takes power

  8. 1980-1988 Iraq-Iran War • Iraq invades Iran under Hussein’s leadership • Iran fights back • Iraq-Iran War damages both economies and many killed = disaster

  9. Saddam in Power: 1990 Persian Gulf War- lasts 6 weeks An alliances of countries led by US forces Iraqis out of Kuwait Saddam refuses to accept UN Peace terms UN places an embargo (trade limit) on Iraq ; their economy suffers as a result 1991 • Iraq invades Kuwait • Worries world because don’t want Iraq to have their oil resources • Increased worry about Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction- biological/ chemical

  10. Further Rebellions • Saddam refuses to cooperate with UN after asked to stop all military activity & ALLOW inspectors into country 1992-2000

  11. 20th c. Iraq 2001 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_A77N5WKWM • Sept. 11 2001 terrorist attacks on US • Increase tension between US and Iraq (US thinks he’s related in some way) • Bush orders to attack Iraqi targets and destroy weapons of Mass destruction • Few months later Saddam found hiding in an underground hole in Iraq (is executed in 2006 for “crimes against humanity”

  12. Part II People & Culture:

  13. Iraq= size of Cali (26 million pple) • Most pple. live in cities Ethnic Groups: • Most pple belong to two major groups: • Arabs • Kurds • Arabs are the largest group & make up more than 75% of the pop. • Speak country’s official lang. • Kurds- smaller groups & minority- 15-20% of pop. Mostly farmers & live in Northern Iraq- speak Kurdish Religion: • All Iraqis both Arab & Kurdish are Muslim- within Iraq have two branches: • Sunni- 35% of population & live in North • Shia/ Shiite – 60% live in South

  14. Part III Iraq Today:

  15. Rebuilding Baghdad: • Capital of Baghdad was badly damaged in recent war • 6 million pple suffered from lack of electricity & running water (US millions & private contractors help restore powers) • Helped rebuild homes, businesses & schools Government & Economy: • Jan 2005 Iraqis participate in democracy for the 1st time ever • Millions went to the polls to elect members to Natl. Assembly • Build new govt. & try to recover economy • In 1970s Iraq was world’s 2nd largest exporter (have oil as resources) also wide plains and fertile soil- grow barley, cotton, rice • Decades of harsh govt & wars = Future peace? • Rebuilding schools, hospitals, roads, and other improvements may take years

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